MMP-12

MMP-12, known as macrophage metalloelastase, is expressed almost exclusively by macrophages and endows them with the ability to degrade elastic fibers, a property central to its classic role in emphysema pathogenesis, long studied in smoker macrophages. Beyond elastin, the enzyme cleaves plasminogen to release the antiangiogenic fragment angiostatin, modulating angiogenesis, and contributes to atherosclerotic plaque remodeling where macrophages abound. Genetic deletion of Mmp12 in mice protects against cigarette-smoke-induced lung destruction, while human studies associate variants with emphysema susceptibility and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Because tumor-associated macrophages are often MMP-12-positive, the enzyme also serves as a marker of macrophage infiltration in several carcinomas.