Five Sense Organs Disease Models

Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant which binds to the cyclophilin and inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) with an IC₅₀ of 5 nM. Cyclosporin A is a molecular glue, binds to cyclophilin and calcineurin, leading to inactivation of nuclear Factor of activated T Cells (NFAT) and a subsequent decrease in the immune response. Cyclosporin A also inhibits CD11a/CD18 adhesion.

D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose.

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU;MNU;NMH) is a potent carcinogen, mutagen and teratogenand. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is a direct-acting alkylating agent that interacts with DNA. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea targets multiple animal organs to cause various cancer and/or degenerative disease. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is also a precursor in the synthesis of diazomethane.

Phenytoin (5,5-Diphenylhydantoin) is a potent Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels (VGSCs) blocker. Phenytoin has antiepileptic activity and reduces breast tumour growth and metastasis in mice.

Phenytoin sodium (5,5-Diphenylhydantoin sodium salt) is a potent Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels (VGSCs) blocker. Phenytoin has antiepileptic activity and reduces breast tumour growth and metastasis in mice.

Ethambutol dihydrochloride is an antimycobacterial compound that prevents cell wall formation by inhibiting arabinosyltransferase activity. Ethambutol dihydrochloride can be used to establish animal models of hyperuricemia and optic neuropathy.