2. Induced Disease Models Products Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  3. Cancer Models Five Sense Organs Disease Models DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker
  4. Breast Cancer Models Gastric Cancer Models
  5. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea  (Synonyms: NMU; MNU; NMH)

Cat. No.: HY-34758 Purity: ≥98.0%
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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU;MNU;NMH) is a potent carcinogen, mutagen and teratogenand. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is a direct-acting alkylating agent that interacts with DNA. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea targets multiple animal organs to cause various cancer and/or degenerative disease. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is also a precursor in the synthesis of diazomethane.

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Chemical Structure

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 684-93-5

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Related Antibodies

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  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU;MNU;NMH) is a potent carcinogen, mutagen and teratogenand. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is a direct-acting alkylating agent that interacts with DNA. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea targets multiple animal organs to cause various cancer and/or degenerative disease. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is also a precursor in the synthesis of diazomethane[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU; 5 μM) treatment increases the cellular NF-κB activity in human malignant keratinocytes. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea also increases the amount of I-κBα phosphorylation[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Related Antibodies
In Vivo

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea can be used in animal modeling to construct rat tumor models. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) gives intravenously to rats at age 50 days induced mammary carcinomas in 89% of BUF/N, 73% of Sprague-Dawley, and 89% of F344 females. Latent periods are, respectively, 77, 86, and 94 days. Doubling times of NMU-induced primary and transplanted carcinomas are similar to 7 days. Cachexia ensues at the 5th week from the onset of the first tumor. When the tumor is larger than 15 g, hypercalcemia is usually observed[1].
1. Induction of Gastric Cancer[6]
Background
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is a direct-acting alkylating agent that interacts with DNA. Accumulation of mutations may enhance cancer risk in target organs or cause cell death in susceptible tissues or cells when excessive DNA damage is not repaired. MNU targets various organs in a variety of animal species[2].
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rats: albino Wistar • male • 5-6-week-old; 110-140 g
Administration: 100 mg/kg • ig • thrice in a week for 16 weeks
Note
(1)Dissolved in citrate buffer and 5% saline thrice in a week via intragastric route for 16 wk. (3)The level of cancer induction was identified by specific biochemical markers such as serum gastrin level, TBARS, and glutathione followed by histopathological analysis at two-time periods for 8 and 16 week.


Modeling Indicators
Individual phenotypic changes: showed a significant decrease in body weight, water intake, and feed intake.
Molecular changes: increased the mean serum gastrin level, increased level of lipid peroxidation and decreased reduced glutathione level in gastric tissues.
Tissue changes: MNU-induced rats disclosed that the non-glandular stomach epithelium was hypertrophic with vacuolations and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis after 16 wk of MNU induction but vacuolations and hyperkeartosis were not that much observed at 8 wk of MNU induction.
2. Induction of Breast Cancer[7]
Background
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rats: Albino Wistar • female • 35-day-old; 110-140 g
Administration: 50 mg/kg • ip • at 50, 65, and 80 days of age


Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: increased cyclin D1 expression, and showed p21Cip1 overexpression.
Tissue changes: observed breast tumors, and increased the mean volumes of tumors.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

103.08

Formula

C2H5N3O2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light brown

SMILES

O=C(N)N(C)N=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (2425.30 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 50 mg/mL (485.06 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 9.7012 mL 48.5060 mL 97.0120 mL
5 mM 1.9402 mL 9.7012 mL 19.4024 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (20.18 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (20.18 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 10 mg/mL (97.01 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

COA (244 KB) HNMR (235 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 9.7012 mL 48.5060 mL 97.0120 mL 242.5301 mL
5 mM 1.9402 mL 9.7012 mL 19.4024 mL 48.5060 mL
10 mM 0.9701 mL 4.8506 mL 9.7012 mL 24.2530 mL
15 mM 0.6467 mL 3.2337 mL 6.4675 mL 16.1687 mL
20 mM 0.4851 mL 2.4253 mL 4.8506 mL 12.1265 mL
25 mM 0.3880 mL 1.9402 mL 3.8805 mL 9.7012 mL
30 mM 0.3234 mL 1.6169 mL 3.2337 mL 8.0843 mL
40 mM 0.2425 mL 1.2127 mL 2.4253 mL 6.0633 mL
50 mM 0.1940 mL 0.9701 mL 1.9402 mL 4.8506 mL
60 mM 0.1617 mL 0.8084 mL 1.6169 mL 4.0422 mL
80 mM 0.1213 mL 0.6063 mL 1.2127 mL 3.0316 mL
100 mM 0.0970 mL 0.4851 mL 0.9701 mL 2.4253 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea684-93-5NMU MNU NMHDNA Alkylator/CrosslinkerCarcinogenmutagenteratogenandalkylatingpro-tumorprecursordiazomethaneInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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