2. Signaling Pathways
  3. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
  4. PI3K

PI3K

PI3K

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PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase), via phosphorylation of the inositol lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), forms the second messenger molecule phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) which recruits and activates pleckstrin homology domain containing proteins, leading to downstream signalling events crucial for proliferation, survival and migration. Class I PI3K enzymes consist of four distinct catalytic isoforms, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ.

There are three major classes of PI3K enzymes, being class IA widely associated to cancer. Class IA PI3K are heterodimeric lipid kinases composed of a catalytic subunit (p110α, p110β, or p110δ; encoded by PIK3CA, PIK3CB, and PIK3CD genes, respectively) and a regulatory subunit (p85).

The PI3K pathway plays an important role in many biological processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, survival, actin rearrangement and migration, and intracellular vesicular transport.

PI3K Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms

  • PI3Kα

  • PI3Kβ

  • PI3Kγ

  • PI3Kδ

  • PI3KC2α

  • PI3KC2β

  • PI3KC2γ

  • Vps34

  • PI3K

  • PI3KC3

  • p120γ

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-19312
    3-Methyladenine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor. 3-Methyladenine is a widely used inhibitor of autophagy via its inhibitory effect on class III PI3K.
  • HY-10108
    LY294002
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    LY294002 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K with IC50s of 0.5, 0.57, and 0.97 μM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ and PI3Kβ, respectively. LY294002 also inhibits CK2 with an IC50 of 98 nM. LY294002 is a competitive DNA-PK inhibitorr that binds reversibly to the kinase domain of DNA-PK with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. LY294002 is an apoptosis activator.
  • HY-15244
    Alpelisib
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Alpelisib (BYL-719) is a potent, selective, and orally active PI3Kα inhibitor. Alpelisib (BYL-719) shows efficacy in targeting PIK3CA-mutated cancer. Alpelisib (BYL-719) also inhibits p110α/p110γ/p110δ/p110β with IC50s of 5/250/290/1200 nM, respectively. Antineoplastic activity.
  • HY-18085
    Quercetin
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
  • HY-10197
    Wortmannin
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Wortmannin (SL-2052; KY-12420) is a potent, selective and irreversible PI3K inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. Wortmannin also blocks autophagy formation, and potently inhibits Polo-like kinase 1 (PlK1) and Plk3 with IC50s of 5.8 and 48 nM, respectively.
  • HY-120438
    TASP0415914
    		Inhibitor
    TASP0415914 is a potent and orally active PI3Kγ inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM. TASP0415914 also shows potent Akt inhibitory activities with an IC50 of 294 nM. TASP0415914 can be used for inflammatory diseases research.
  • HY-111570
    AZ2
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    AZ2 is a highly selective PI3Kγ inhibitor (The pIC50 value for PI3Kγ is 9.3). AZ2 can be used for the research of inflammatory and immune diseases.
  • HY-133907
    NVS-PI3-4
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    NVS-PI3-4 is a specific PI3Kγ inhibitor. NVS-PI3-4 can be used for the research of allergies, inflammatory and cancer diseases.
  • HY-P0175
    740 Y-P
    		Activator 99.67%
    740 Y-P (740YPDGFR; PDGFR 740Y-P) is a potent and cell-permeable PI3K activator. 740 Y-P readily binds GST fusion proteins containing both the N- and C- terminal SH2 domains of p85 but fails to bind GST alone.
  • HY-13026
    Idelalisib
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Idelalisib (CAL-101; GS-1101) is a highly selective and orally bioavailable p110δ inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.5 nM, showing 40- to 300-fold selectivity for p110δ over other PI3K class I enzymes.
  • HY-70063
    Buparlisib
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Buparlisib (BKM120; NVP-BKM120) is a pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, with IC50s of 52, 166, 116 and 262 nM for p110α, p110β, p110δ and p110γ, respectively.
  • HY-100716
    Eganelisib
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Eganelisib (IPI549) is a potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitor with an IC50 of 16 nM. Eganelisib shows >100-fold selectivity over other lipid and protein kinases.
  • HY-50094
    Pictilisib
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Pictilisib (GDC-0941) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with an IC50 of 3 nM, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold).
  • HY-50673
    Dactolisib
    		Inhibitor 99.68%
    Dactolisib (BEZ235) is an orally active and dual pan-class I PI3K and mTOR kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 4 nM/5 nM/7 nM/75 nM, and 20.7 nM for p110α/p110γ/p110δ/p110β and mTOR, respectively. Dactolisib (BEZ235) inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2.
  • HY-15346
    Copanlisib
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    Copanlisib (BAY 80-6946) is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.5 nM, 0.7 nM, 3.7 nM and 6.4 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ, respectively. Copanlisib has more than 2,000-fold selectivity against other lipid and protein kinases, except for mTOR. Copanlisib has superior antitumor activity.
  • HY-101562
    Inavolisib
    		Inhibitor 98.94%
    GDC-0077 (RG6114) is a potent, orally available, and selective PI3Kα inhibitor (IC50=0.038 nM). GDC-0077 (RG6114) exerts its activity by binding to the ATP binding site of PI3K, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of PIP2 to PIP3. GDC-0077 (RG6114) is more selective for mutant versus wild-type PI3Kα.
  • HY-12481
    SAR405
    		Inhibitor 99.13%
    SAR405 is a first-in-class, selective, and ATP-competitive PI3K class III (PIK3C3) isoform Vps34 inhibitor (IC50=1.2 nM; Kd=1.5 nM). SAR405 inhibits autophagy induced either by starvation or by mTOR inhibition. Anticancer activity.
  • HY-17044
    Duvelisib
    		Inhibitor
    Duvelisib (IPI-145) is a selectivite p100δ inhibitor with IC50 of 2.5 nM, 27.4 nM, 85 nM and 1602 nM for p110δ, P110γ, p110β and p110α, respectively.
  • HY-13522
    Fimepinostat
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Fimepinostat (CUDC-907) potently inhibits class I PI3Ks as well as classes I and II HDAC enzymes with an IC50 of 19/54/39 nM and 1.7/5.0/1.8/2.8 nM for PI3Kα/PI3Kβ/PI3Kδ and HDAC1/HDAC2/HDAC3/HDAC10 , respectively.
  • HY-101625
    Recilisib
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Recilisib (ON 01210) is a radioprotectant, which can activate AKT, PI3K activities in cells.
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Download PI3K Signaling Pathway Map.

Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that integrate signals from growth factors, cytokines and other environmental cues, translating them into intracellular signals that regulate multiple signaling pathways. These pathways control many physiological functions and cellular processes, which include cell proliferation, growth, survival, motility and metabolism[1]. 

 

In the absence of activating signals, p85 interacts with p110 and inhibits p110 kinase activity. Following receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, class I PI3Ks are recruited to the plasma membrane, where p85 inhibition of p110 is relieved and p110 phosphorylates PIP2 to generate PIP3. The activated insulin receptor recruits intracellular adaptor protein IRS1. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins on tyrosine residues by the insulin receptor initiates the recruitment and activation of PI3K. PIP3 acts as a second messenger which promotes the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by PDK-1. RTK activation can also trigger Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. Activated Akt, ERK and RSK phosphorylate TSC2 at multiple sites to inhibit TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7, which is the TSC complex that acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB. During inhibition of the TSC complex, GTP-loaded RHEB binds the mTOR catalytic domain to activate mTORC1. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activates the TSC complex by phosphorylating TSC2 at Ser1379 and Ser1383. Phosphorylation of these two residues requires priming by AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Ser1387. Wnt signaling inhibits GSK-3β and the TSC complex, and thus activates mTORC1. mTORC2 is activated by Wnt in a manner dependent on the small GTPase RAC1. Akt activation contributes to diverse cellular activities which include cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and migration. Important downstream targets of Akt are GSK-3, FOXOs, BAD, AS160, eNOS, and mTOR. mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy through multiple inputs, including inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK1, and promotes protein synthesis through activation of the translation initiation promoter S6K and through inhibition of the inhibitory mRNA cap binding 4E-BP1[1][2][3].

 

PI3Kδ is a heterodimeric enzyme, typically composed of a p85α regulatory subunit and a p110δ catalytic subunit. In T cells, the TCR, the costimulatory receptor ICOS and the IL-2R can activate PI3Kδ. In B cells, PI3Kδ is activated upon crosslinking of the B cell receptor (BCR). The BCR co-opts the co-receptor CD19 or the adaptor B cell associated protein (BCAP), both of which have YXXM motifs to which the p85α SH2 domains can bind. In lumphocytes, BTK and ITK contribute to the activation of PLCγ and promotes the generation of DAG and the influx of Ca2+, which in turn activate PKC and the CARMA1-, BCL 10- and MALT1 containing (CBM) complex. The resulting NF-κB inhibitor kinase (IKK) activation leads to the phosphorylation and the degradation of IκB, and to the nuclear accumulation of the p50-p65 NF-κB heterodimer. MyD88 is an adapter protein that mediates signal transduction for most TLRs and leads to activation of PI3K[4].

 

Reference:

[1]. Thorpe LM, et al. PI3K in cancer: divergent roles of isoforms, modes of activation and therapeutic targeting.Nat Rev Cancer. 2015 Jan;15(1):7-24. 
[2]. Vanhaesebroeck B, et al. PI3K signalling: the path to discovery and understanding.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Feb 23;13(3):195-203. 
[3]. Fruman DA, et al. The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease.Cell. 2017 Aug 10;170(4):605-635.
[4]. Lucas CL, et al. PI3Kδ and primary immunodeficiencies.Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Nov;16(11):702-714. 

Targets/MCE-PI3K-Signaling-Pathway.png

Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that integrate signals from growth factors, cytokines and other environmental cues, translating them into intracellular signals that regulate multiple signaling pathways. These pathways control many physiological functions and cellular processes, which include cell proliferation, growth, survival, motility and metabolism[1]. 

 

In the absence of activating signals, p85 interacts with p110 and inhibits p110 kinase activity. Following receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, class I PI3Ks are recruited to the plasma membrane, where p85 inhibition of p110 is relieved and p110 phosphorylates PIP2 to generate PIP3. The activated insulin receptor recruits intracellular adaptor protein IRS1. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins on tyrosine residues by the insulin receptor initiates the recruitment and activation of PI3K. PIP3 acts as a second messenger which promotes the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by PDK-1. RTK activation can also trigger Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. Activated Akt, ERK and RSK phosphorylate TSC2 at multiple sites to inhibit TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7, which is the TSC complex that acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB. During inhibition of the TSC complex, GTP-loaded RHEB binds the mTOR catalytic domain to activate mTORC1. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activates the TSC complex by phosphorylating TSC2 at Ser1379 and Ser1383. Phosphorylation of these two residues requires priming by AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Ser1387. Wnt signaling inhibits GSK-3β and the TSC complex, and thus activates mTORC1. mTORC2 is activated by Wnt in a manner dependent on the small GTPase RAC1. Akt activation contributes to diverse cellular activities which include cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and migration. Important downstream targets of Akt are GSK-3, FOXOs, BAD, AS160, eNOS, and mTOR. mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy through multiple inputs, including inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK1, and promotes protein synthesis through activation of the translation initiation promoter S6K and through inhibition of the inhibitory mRNA cap binding 4E-BP1[1][2][3].

 

PI3Kδ is a heterodimeric enzyme, typically composed of a p85α regulatory subunit and a p110δ catalytic subunit. In T cells, the TCR, the costimulatory receptor ICOS and the IL-2R can activate PI3Kδ. In B cells, PI3Kδ is activated upon crosslinking of the B cell receptor (BCR). The BCR co-opts the co-receptor CD19 or the adaptor B cell associated protein (BCAP), both of which have YXXM motifs to which the p85α SH2 domains can bind. In lumphocytes, BTK and ITK contribute to the activation of PLCγ and promotes the generation of DAG and the influx of Ca2+, which in turn activate PKC and the CARMA1-, BCL 10- and MALT1 containing (CBM) complex. The resulting NF-κB inhibitor kinase (IKK) activation leads to the phosphorylation and the degradation of IκB, and to the nuclear accumulation of the p50-p65 NF-κB heterodimer. MyD88 is an adapter protein that mediates signal transduction for most TLRs and leads to activation of PI3K[4].

 

Reference:

[1]. Thorpe LM, et al. PI3K in cancer: divergent roles of isoforms, modes of activation and therapeutic targeting.Nat Rev Cancer. 2015 Jan;15(1):7-24. 
[2]. Vanhaesebroeck B, et al. PI3K signalling: the path to discovery and understanding.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Feb 23;13(3):195-203. 
[3]. Fruman DA, et al. The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease.Cell. 2017 Aug 10;170(4):605-635.
[4]. Lucas CL, et al. PI3Kδ and primary immunodeficiencies.Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Nov;16(11):702-714. 

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