IL-1 Rrp2

Interleukin-1 receptor-related protein 2 (IL-1Rrp2, officially IL-1RL2 and better known as IL-36R or IL-1R6) is the specific receptor subunit for the IL-36 subfamily of IL-1 family cytokines, comprising IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and the antagonist IL-36RA. It is a type I transmembrane protein with three extracellular Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Upon binding an agonistic IL-36 ligand, IL-1RL2 recruits IL-1RAcP, and the complex engages MyD88, IRAK, TRAF6 and downstream NF-κB and MAPK cascades. IL-1RL2 is prominently expressed by keratinocytes, and also by monocytes, dendritic cells and epithelial barriers. This pathway drives psoriasis and other neutrophil-rich sterile inflammations: IL-1RL2 activation induces CXCL1, CXCL8, IL-6 and IL-23 production, linking barrier epithelium to IL-17/IL-23 axis amplification. Monoclonal antibodies blocking IL-1RL2 (e.g., ANB020) are under clinical evaluation for generalized pustular psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease.