Cathepsin D

Cathepsin D (CTSD) is the most abundant lysosomal aspartic endoprotease and, unlike the papain-family cysteine cathepsins, belongs to the pepsin family of aspartic proteases. Synthesized as a preproenzyme, it is glycosylated and targeted through the mannose-6-phosphate pathway to lysosomes, where its propeptide is autocatalytically removed. It degrades a broad range of internalized and endogenous proteins and has been implicated in apoptosis regulation through its ability to promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Germline CTSD loss-of-function causes congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN10), and the protease is also studied as a prognostic marker in breast cancer.