IA-2/PTPRN

IA-2, encoded by PTPRN and historically named islet cell autoantigen 512 (ICA512), is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule whose phosphatase domain is catalytically inactive, making it a pseudophosphatase. The protein resides on neuroendocrine secretory granules, where it regulates granule maturation and exocytosis and promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. IA-2 is best known clinically as a major autoantigen of type 1 diabetes: autoantibodies against its intracellular domain, together with GAD65 and ZnT8 antibodies, are standard markers for disease prediction and staging. Expression extends to the brain and other neuroendocrine tissues, and studies link IA-2 to neuropeptide release and secretory granule biology.