TREM-1/CD354

TREM-1, the CD354 antigen, is an activating immunoglobulin-like receptor expressed on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. Lacking a cytoplasmic signaling motif of its own, it associates through a charged transmembrane residue with the DAP12 and FcR gamma adapters, amplifying TLR- and NOD-like receptor-driven responses to microbial challenge. TREM-1 expression is strongly induced during bacterial and fungal infections, and its soluble ectodomain is a validated biomarker for distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial inflammatory disease. Pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1, including the peptide nangibotide, has been tested clinically in septic shock, positioning the receptor as a central node of innate immune amplification.