Scientific Reviews

This article introduces chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), a powerful technique for detecting interactions between epigenetic regulators and DNA.

Scientists have studied ion channels in biological membranes for decades.

Explore new molecular glue paradigms, noncanonical interface recognition, and advances driving more systematic, structure-guided discovery and design.

Explore optogenetics through its molecular mechanisms, experimental strategies, research applications, and translational advances.

Explore emerging synthetic lethal vulnerabilities beyond BRCA–PARP and advances in their discovery and prediction through CRISPR screening, organoids, multi-omics, and AI.

Review the metabolic regulation of ferroptosis through iron homeostasis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence, and the emerging polyamine–iron buffering axis.

Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence use antibodies and fluorescent labels to visualize specific molecules on the cell surface or inside cells. A typical workflow includes sample preparation, fixation, permeabilization, blocking, antibody incubation, counterstaining, mounting, and imaging.

Explore conserved antiviral mechanisms across mammals and bacteria, from virus recognition and immune signaling to metabolic defense and gasdermin-mediated cell death, and their implications for innate immune evolution.

Explore how mitochondrial quality control, inflammatory signaling, and metabolic–epigenetic reprogramming regulate cellular senescence and the SASP, along with strategies to restore mitochondrial homeostasis.

Explore the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion, dynamic checkpoint regulation, and the evolution of mechanism-driven combinations and patient stratification.