Histamine Receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with histamine as their endogenous ligand. There are four known histamine receptors: H1 receptor, H2 receptor, H3 receptor, H4 receptor. The H1 receptor is a histamine receptor belonging to the family of Rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors. This receptor, which is activated by the biogenic amine histamine, is expressed throughout the body, to be specific, in smooth muscles, on vascular endothelial cells, in the heart, and in the central nervous system. H2 receptors are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase via Gs. It is a potent stimulant of cAMP production, which leads to activation of Protein Kinase A. Histamine H3 receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and to a lesser extent the peripheral nervous system, where they act asautoreceptors in presynaptic histaminergic neurons, and also control histamine turnover by feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release. The Histamine H4 receptor has been shown to be involved in mediating eosinophil shape change and mast cell chemotaxis.
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
H4R antagonist 1 is a potent and highly selective histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist with an IC50 of 27 nM. H4R antagonist 1 does not show any noticeable binding affinity to other subtypes of histamine receptors, H1R, H2R, and H3R[1].
Meclizine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist used to treat nausea and motion sickness
Target: Histamine H1 Receptor
Meclizine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist used to treat nausea and motion sickness, possesses anticholinergic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects [1].
Cetirizine 2Hcl, a second-generation antihistamine, is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria.
Fexofenadine is a third-generation antihistamine pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of allergy symptoms, such as hay fever, nasal congestion, and urticaria.
Mizolastine is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist with IC50 of 47 nM used in the treatment of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis), hives and other allergic reactions.
Promethazine Hcl(NSC-231688) is the first-generation antihistamine; strong antagonist of the H1 receptor and moderate mACh receptor antagonist, moderate affinity for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, D2 and α1-adrenergic receptors.
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