Peptides

Diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).

Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) is an endogenous heptapeptide from the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with a cardioprotective role due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in cardiac cells. Angiotensin 1-7 inhibits purified canine ACE activity (IC₅₀=0.65 μM). Angiotensin 1-7 acts as a local synergistic modulator of kinin-induced vasodilation by inhibiting ACE and releasing nitric oxide. Angiotensin 1-7 blocks Ang II-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy and shows antiangiogenic and growth-inhibitory effects on the endothelium. Angiotensin 1-7 shows anti-inflammatory activity .

Microcolin H is a marine lipopeptide and phosphatidylinositol transfer protein ligand that targets PITPα/β. Microcolin H increases the conversion of LC3I to LC3II and reduces p62 levels in cancer cells, leading to autophagy cell death (Autophagy). Microcolin H effectively inhibits tumor development and has anti-proliferative activity in nude mouse subcutaneous tumor models.

Elastatinal is a potent and competitive inhibitor of elastase, with a K_i of 0.21 μM. Elastatinal more potently inhibits pancreatic elastase versus leucocyte elastase. Elastatinal shows no activity on human leucocyte chymotrypsin-like protease.

Malpinin A (MBJ-0173) is a dehydrohexapeptide biosurfactant with significant anthelmintic activity. Malpinin A specifically accumulates in the nematode digestive tract, thereby effectively inhibiting nematode feeding and proliferation without causing paralysis. Malpinin A can be used in studies related to plant-parasitic nematode infection.

Efrapeptin F is a mitochondrial complex V inhibitor and cytotoxic agent with in vivo antitumor activity. Efrapeptin F induces cell death in glucose-limiting conditions, with preferential cytotoxicity to nutrient-deprived cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Efrapeptin F can be used for the research of pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, central nervous system cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer.

Destruxin D2 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide secondary metabolite and insecticide-phytotoxin produced by Metarhizium species fungus. Destruxin D2 can be found in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii (isolate MT008).

LYRM03 is a derivative of Ubenimex (HY-B0134) and a Aminopeptidase N inhibitor. LYRM03 is isolated from Streptomyces HCCB10043. LYRM03 inhibits TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, ASC, NF-κB and p38 MAPK, stabilizes IκB, and suppresses LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2. LYRM03 reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, and alleviates pulmonary edema. LYRM03 exhibits anticancer activity against breast cancer. LYRM03 has anti-inflammatory activity. LYRM03 can be used in the research of acute lung injury and breast cancer.

Pseudostellarin E is a proline-rich, caryophyllaceous cyclopeptide present in the roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Pseudostellarin E can be synthesized by overexpressing its precursor gene prePhPE in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana.

Kocurin (PM181104) is a thiazolyl cyclic-peptide antibiotic. Kocurin inhibits bacterial growth by impeding bacterial protein biosynthesis during the translation phase. Kocurin has strong inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but no activity against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria.

Amphibine D is a cyclopeptide alkaloid. Amphibine D is isolated from Zizyphus amphibia.

Azumamide E is a HDAC inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.064 μM against HDAC, 1.22 μM against HDAC1, and 2.28 μM against HDAC4. Azumamide E inhibits HDAC activity in nuclear extracts of leukemia cells and cervical adenocarcinoma cells. Azumamide E suppresses angiogenesis. Azumamide E is applicable for research on leukemia, cervical adenocarcinoma, and anti-angiogenesis.