Thickeners

D-(+)-Trehalose (α,α-Trehalose) is an orally active disaccharide, showing anti-desiccant and cryopreservative activities. D-(+)-Trehalose acts as an osmolyte, and stress protectant and helps in the storage and transport of carbon. D-(+)-Trehalose can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient.

HPMC (Viscosity:11250-21000mPa.s) is a hydrophilic, non-ionic cellulose ether used to form swellable-soluble matrices.

Ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil) is a combination of synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) with natural castor oil. Ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil can be used to emulsify and solubilize oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. Ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil can be used as a cosolvent in vivo.

D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a monosaccharide found in honey, fruits, and other plants. Two D-Fructose molecules can combine to form a disaccharide, sucrose.

Xanthan gum interacts with gelatin (HY-Y1365) via hydrogen bonds, thereby increasing the viscosity and stability of the hydrogel while promoting cell growth and creating a microenvironment conducive to cell differentiation^[1][2]. Xanthan gum induces pro-inflammatory responses by increasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Xanthan gum can be used for inflammation and immunology research.

Sodium alginate is the sodium salt of alginic acid. Sodium alginate can be extracted and purified from brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Sodium alginate can be used in food additives and pharmaceuticals, adsorb heavy metal ions, and has mucosal-protective and hemostatic effects.

Agar, microbiology tested, for cell culture (powder) is a jelly like substance that contains agarose and agar gel. Agar, microbiology tested, for cell culture (powder) can be isolated from the cell walls of red algae species such as Gelidium and Gracilaria (Ogonori). The gelation and melting of Agar, microbiology tested, for cell culture (powder) is based on the hydrogen bridge (physical gels), so the gelation is reversible. Agar, microbiology tested, for cell culture (powder) is widely used in food additives, plant tissue culture, microorganisms culture media, fingerprint recognition, and medical fields.

Hydroxypropyl Cellulose is an orally active cellulose ether and surfactant. Hydroxypropyl cellulose is divided into high-substituted HPC (HHPC) and low-substituted HPC (LHPC). Hydroxypropyl Cellulose reduces inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β). Hydroxypropyl Cellulose improves colitis and obesity. Hydroxypropyl Cellulose can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient, such as coating agent, emulsifier, suspension, tablet, thickener, viscosifier.

Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide, derived from the cell wall of higher plants. Pectin involves in the formation of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle of agents. Pectin is also an adsorbent, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that binds to bacteria toxins and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa, relieves irritated mucosa.

Guar gum is an orally active nonionic galactomannan polysaccharide. It is present in the endosperm of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus seeds. Guar gum reduces cholesterol levels, regulates body weight, and acts as a thickener and viscosity modifier by forming hydrogen-bonded aqueous solutions. It serves as a rate-controlling excipient in compound delivery systems, and finds applications in the food, tissue engineering, nanosensing and industrial fields.

Polycarbophil is an orally active hydrophilic polymer. Polycarbophil achieves bioadhesion through hydrogen bonding between carboxyl groups and mucosal surfaces, and prolongs compound retention time and regulates compound release through swelling properties. Polycarbophil relieves constipation and diarrhea.

Sorbitan trioleate (Span 85) is an orally active non-ionic surface active agent. Sorbitan trioleate can be used as an excipient, such as surfactant, emulsifier, lubricant, wetting agent, dispersant, thickener, defoamer.

Aluminum magnesium silicate can be used as an excipient, such as adsorbent, stabilizer, suspending agent, disintegrant for tablet and capsule, binder for tablet, thickener. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs.

Cristobalite can be used as an excipient, such as disintegrants, anti-adhesives, glidants, suspending agents, thickeners, defoamers. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs.