Coenzymes and Others

Lysostaphin is an antistaphylococcal agent. Lysostaphin has activities of three enzymes namely, glycylglycine endopeptidase, endo-β-N-acetyl glucosamidase and N-acteyl muramyl-L-alanine amidase.

Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) is a peroxisomal catalyst. Acyl-CoA oxidase acts as a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. Acyl-CoA oxidase participates in lipid catabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis pathways.

Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium is an acyl-CoA thioester that can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine shuttle system and is involved in β-oxidation. Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium can also be used as a substrate for sphingosine biosynthesis.

Lipase,Candida antarctica (Immobilized) is an immobilized lipase isolated from Candida antarctica fraction B. Lipase,Candida antarctica (Immobilized) features high stability and selectivity. Lipase,Candida antarctica (Immobilized) is widely used in fields such as chemical synthesis, food oil modification, and biodiesel production.

DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan, and is produced from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase.

Hexadecyl-CoA is a non-hydrolyzable thioether analog of Palmitoyl-CoA. Hexadecyl-CoA competitively inhibits the acyl-CoA thioesterase activity of HNF-4α with a K_i of 0.3 μM, and inhibits DGAT2 activity with an IC₅₀ of approximately 2 μM. Hexadecyl-CoA also inhibits ATGL activity and serves as a reference inhibitor for DGAT2 LC/MS enzyme activity assays. Hexadecyl-CoA can be used in studies related to lipid metabolism, triglyceride synthesis and lipolysis.

Penicillin G acylase (Immobilized) is an immobilized penicillin acylase with improved temperature and pH stability. Penicillin G acylase (Immobilized) has reusable performance and high recovery rates, retaining much of its original activity after 12 cycles. Among them, Penicillin G acylase (Immobilized) can catalyze penicillin G (PG) to generate 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid, which are key intermediates for β-lactam antibiotics.

3-Ketohexanoyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate and an enzyme activity assay substrate, which can be used for the activity determination of 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HY-E71706) and 3-Ketothiolase. 3-Ketohexanoyl-CoA can be converted to hexanoyl-CoA through a continuous enzymatic reaction. 3-Ketohexanoyl-CoA can be cleaved into acetyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA by BktB.

Ribonucleoside vanadyl complexes are a class of potent RNase and Taq polymerase inhibitors. Ribonucleoside vanadyl complexes protect RNA during RNA isolation by inhibiting ribonucleases, and also reduce the viability of bacteria and eukaryotic cells by interfering with ribosomal subunit assembly. Ribonucleoside vanadyl complexes block PCR and reverse transcription reactions templated by viral nucleic acids and enhance the effects of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus, but do not directly inhibit protein synthesis. Ribonucleoside vanadyl complexes can be effectively removed by phenol-chloroform extraction, thus enabling subsequent PCR analysis. Ribonucleoside vanadyl complexes can be applied in research related to chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms.

Glutaryl coenzyme A lithium is an important endogenous metabolites. Glutaryl coenzyme A lithium can be used in HMG-CoA or Glutaryl-CoA related experiment.

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.

Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids.

Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium is an enoyl-CoA hydratase binder. Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium binds to the active site of enoyl-CoA hydratase, occupies the binding pocket for the fatty acid tail of the enzyme's substrate, and induces a conformational shift in a flexible protein loop via its longer octanoyl chain, forming an open channel leading to the inter-trimer gap.

Lipase,Candida antarctica (Immobilized on hydrophilic carrier) (Candida antarctica lipase B) is a lipase derived from Candida antarctica and immobilized on a hydrophilic carrier. Lipase,Candida antarctica (Immobilized on hydrophilic carrier) is a green catalyst that can be used to catalyze polymer synthesis.

NSP-DMAE-NHS is an acridinium ester-based signal amplifier that can act as a luminescent probe to effectively improve the detection performance of biosensors. NSP-DMAE-NHS preserves the biochemical activity of biomolecules during the conjugation process. NSP-DMAE-NHS has been successfully applied to label mouse anti-human PI3 monoclonal antibodies for chemiluminescent immunoassays, as well as for pre-competitive chemiluminescent immunochromatographic detection of TP53 fusion proteins. NSP-DMAE-NHS can be used in detection studies of cancer and related biomarkers.

Bovine Factor Xa is a serine protease that plays a central role in blood coagulation, with prothrombin as its physiological substrate. Bovine Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, activates factor VIII, and hydrolyzes peptide, thioester, and amide substrates. Bovine Factor Xa cleaves protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 to activate intracellular signal transduction. Bovine Factor Xa regulates multiple cellular pathways, mediates various cellular activities, tissue remodeling and cancer cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis in some cancer cells. Bovine Factor Xa protects hippocampal neurons against glutamate-induced damage. Bovine Factor Xa participates in embryonic vascular development and regulates immune hematopoiesis; its activity is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, and cannot be enhanced by phospholipids. Bovine Factor Xa regulates immune responses and macrophage polarization, and participates in fibrosis, vascular remodeling and tumor progression through non-coagulant effects. Bovine Factor Xa can be used in research related to atherosclerosis, fibrosis, asthma, cancer, thromboinflammation, sepsis, etc.

Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) lithium is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.

Human milk lysozyme is the lysozyme found in human milk. Human milk lysozyme is thought to be a key defense factor in protecting the gastrointestinal tract of newborns against bacterial infection.

Butyryl-Coenzyme A (Butyryl CoA) sodium is a coenzyme A-containing derivative of Butyric acid. Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium is responsible for the final step of Butyrate production in bacteria.