Disease Areas

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body. The genetic changes that contribute to cancer tend to affect three main types of genes-proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes.

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses.

Neurological disorders are conditions that target how your nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves) functions. There are hundreds of neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and meningitis, for example. They cause symptoms that affect how you move, think and feel.

Inflammation and immune system diseases involve dysregulation of the body's immune responses, leading to excessive or inappropriate activation of immune defenses. These conditions can result from autoimmune disorders, where the immune system attacks self-tissues, or chronic inflammatory states that cause tissue damage and dysfunction.

Cardiovascular disease encompasses a broad range of conditions impacting the heart or blood vessels, including hypertension, angina, atherosclerosis, and peripheral vascular disease. There are many types of blood disorders, which can involve problems with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood vessels, bone marrow, lymph nodes, or the proteins involved in bleeding and clotting.

Metabolic diseases occur when the body's usual metabolic processes are disrupted.Endocrine diseases are noncommunicable disorders caused by hormonal imbalances due to overproduction or underproduction of hormones by endocrine glands.

Respiratory disease refers to a group of conditions affecting the lungs and other components of the respiratory system, often resulting from infections, tobacco smoke exposure—either firsthand or secondhand—or inhalation of pollutants such as radon, asbestos, or other airborne toxins.

A digestive disease disrupts digestion and causes health problems that range from mild to serious. There are several diseases and conditions of the digestive tract, such as gastroenteritis, celiac disease, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, IBD, colon polyps, and more.

Urogenital tract diseases encompass disorders of the lower urinary system and related structures, often arising from neurological impairment, resulting in conditions such as neurogenic bladder dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections.

Musculoskeletal diseases encompass a broad range of conditions affecting muscles, bones, soft tissues, joints, and the spine, occurring across the lifespan. These disorders are classified based on the affected body region and whether they are inflammatory or non-inflammatory in nature.