2. Disease Areas
  3. Inflammation or Immune System Disease
  4. Chronic Disease and Inflammation
  5. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris in the inner lining of arteries, leading to the formation of atheromatous plaques. These plaques harden over time, narrowing the arterial lumen and restricting blood flow, which can result in reduced oxygen delivery to vital organs and tissues. The disease commonly manifests in middle age and affects various arterial beds, including coronary, carotid, renal, peripheral, vertebral, and mesenteric arteries, contributing to serious complications such as coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, renal artery stenosis, and mesenteric ischemia. Ultimately, atherosclerosis increases the risk of life-threatening events like myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents, potentially leading to disability or death.

References:

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation (63):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-104081
    Cholestyramine 11041-12-6
    Cholestyramine (Cholestyramine resin) is an orally active bile acid sequestrant. Cholestyramine upregulates the expression of intestinal Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and hepatic Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. Cholestyramine induces the expression of intestinal and hepatic cholesterol synthesis genes as well as hepatic lipogenesis genes, and promotes bile acid- and neutral sterol-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. Cholestyramine reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption and induces cholesterol efflux. Cholestyramine is applicable to research related to coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
    Cholestyramine
  • HY-P1181A
    Pam2CSK4 TFA 99.46%
    Pam2CSK4 TFA is a TLR2 agonist. Pam2CSK4 TFA induces the expression of iNOS and NO in macrophage cell lines via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules. Pam2CSK4 TFA activates the NF-κB and Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in platelets, and promotes platelet-endothelial cell interactions. TLR2 activation triggered by Pam2CSK4 TFA expands myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Pam2CSK4 TFA acts as a Th2-polarizing adjuvant in mouse vaccine models against Leishmania major and Brugia malayi. Pam2CSK4 TFA can be used in the research of various diseases, including thromboinflammatory diseases, sepsis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, influenza, lymphoma, melanoma, cutaneous leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis.
    Pam2CSK4 TFA
  • HY-42680
    D-Tagatose 87-81-0 99.94%
    D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose) is a natural low-calorie rare sugar. D-Tagatose inhibits the activities of sucrase, maltase and intestinal disaccharidases, reduces the digestion of sucrose and starch, and blocks the absorption of sucrose, maltose and glucose. D-Tagatose promotes glucokinase activity and inhibits glycogen phosphorylase activity via tagatose-1-phosphate, regulates the synthesis and decomposition of hepatic glycogen, reduces postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels, and improves hyperinsulinemia. D-Tagatose regulates lipid profiles, stimulates GLP-1 secretion, and exhibits prebiotic effects. D-Tagatose is a bulking sweetener. D-Tagatose can be used in research related to diabetes, hyperlipidemia, dental caries, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
    D-Tagatose
  • HY-P99505
    Ziltivekimab 2226654-05-1 99.75%
    Ziltivekimab (COR-001) is a fully human monoclonal antibody and also an IL-6 inhibitor. Ziltivekimab significantly reduces inflammatory biomarkers and Lipoprotein (a) in chronic kidney disease patients with systemic inflammation. Ziltivekimab does not increase pro-atherosclerotic lipid levels. Ziltivekimab is used in studies related to atherosclerotic thrombotic diseases and chronic kidney disease.
    Ziltivekimab
  • HY-P99646
    Golocdacimab 2418540-63-1 99.11%
    Gocdacimab (MEDI6570) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor LOX-1. By binding to LOX-1 and blocking its function, gocdacimab effectively reduces the level of free soluble LOX-1, thereby inhibiting key pathological processes such as lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, and vascular wall inflammation. Gocdacimab can interfere with atherosclerosis-related mechanisms, and it is used for research on atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Golocdacimab
  • HY-181654
    Snail IN-1 3083216-69-4 98.27%
    Snail IN-1 is an orally active Snail inhibitor with a Ka of 0.36 μM.Snail IN-1 disrupts Snail-CBP interaction, accelerates Snail protein degradation, reduces Snail acetylation, increases Snail polyubiquitination, and selectively downregulates Snail protein without altering other EMT transcription factors.Snail IN-1 reduces atherosclerotic plaque burden, modulates inflammation and plaque stability factors, downregulates CCL5, CXCL10, MMP2, and MMP9, and upregulates α-smooth muscle actin.Snail IN-1 exerts anti-inflammatory and plaque-stabilizing properties.Snail IN-1 can be used for the research of atherosclerosis.
    Snail IN-1
  • HY-P11553B
    DOTA-ECL1i 2850189-48-7 98.06%
    DOTA-ECL1i is a conjugate of the CCR2 inhibitor ECL1i (HY-P11553) and DOTA. When radiolabeled with 68Ga, DOTA-ECL1i serves as a PET tracer that targets CCR2 expression. DOTA-ECL1i can be used in research related to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac injury, abdominal aortic aneurysm inflammation, atherosclerosis, head and neck cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
    DOTA-ECL1i
  • HY-184265
    Mito-Esculetin 1993461-76-9
    Mito-Esculetin (Mito-Esc) is an orally active mitochondria-targeted derivative of Esculetin (HY-N0284). Mito-Esculetin inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr-705, partially reverses LPS-mediated depletion of SIRT3, and enhances the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling axis. Mito-Esculetin inhibits PAI-1 activity, regulates miRNA, and induces phosphorylation of IRS and AKT. Mito-Esculetin suppresses oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction, Ang-II (HY-13948)- and high glucose-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation, Palmitate (HY-N0830)-induced insulin resistance, as well as high glucose-mediated endothelial cell senescence and inflammatory responses. Mito-Esculetin reduces body weight and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Mito-Esculetin can be used in research related to acute coronary syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis.
    Mito-Esculetin
  • HY-145746
    Sulfo-Cy5 azide 1782950-80-4 98.97%
    Sulfo-Cy5 azide is a near-infrared fluorescent probe with favorable click chemistry reactivity. Sulfo-Cy5 azide enables fluorescence imaging, tissue and cellular visualization of PD-L1 in tumors, and site-specific modification of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Sulfo-Cy5 azide has been employed for RNA labeling and imaging. Sulfo-Cy5 azide can be conjugated to targeting agents for fluorescence imaging in atherosclerosis and breast cancer models (Ex/Em = 645/670 nm).
    Sulfo-Cy5 azide
  • HY-N1990
    Gypenoside XLIX 94987-08-3 99.88%
    Gypenoside XLIX is a multifunctional bioactive compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, with a Ka value of 1.58 μM for its binding to SIRT1. Gypenoside XLIX acts as a PPAR-α agonist. It inhibits the activation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces ROS accumulation, and alleviates hepatic inflammatory injury in mice with sepsis-induced liver disease. Gypenoside XLIX targets SIRT1 to block YAP-NLRP3 activation and improve sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), pyroptosis (Pyroptosis), autophagy (Autophagy), lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Gypenoside XLIX alleviates sepsis-induced splenic injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by targeting PPAR-α. Gypenoside XLIX prevents acute kidney injury by inhibiting IGFBP7/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits the expression and activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cytokine-induced human endothelial cells. Gypenoside XLIX is applicable to research related to acute liver injury, lung injury, cardiomyopathy, acute splenic injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation.
    Gypenoside XLIX
  • HY-N0657
    Pinoresinol Diglucoside 63902-38-5 99.84%
    Pinoresinol Diglucoside is an orally active lignan with multifunctional bioactivity. Pinoresinol Diglucoside interacts with targets including ALB, HIF1A, GSK3B, BCL2, MARK3, IL6, NF-κB p65, Nrf2, HO-1, and TLR4, and modulates pathways including PI3K-Akt, estrogen, MAPK, Rap1, AKT/mTOR/NF-κB, and TGF-β1/Smads. Pinoresinol Diglucoside regulates osteogenesis, bone resorption, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, ferritinophagy, cardiac fibrosis, and vasorelaxation. Pinoresinol Diglucoside can be used for the research of osteoporosis, ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, chondrodysplasia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, cisplatin-induced hearing loss, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and disuse osteoporosis.
    Pinoresinol Diglucoside
  • HY-130502
    5β,6β-Epoxycholestanol 4025-59-6 ≥99.0%
    5β,6β-epoxycholestanol (Cholesterol 5β,6β-epoxide; 5β,6β-Epoxycholesterol) is an oxysterol. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol induces cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cells. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in lymphoma cells undergoing macrophage differentiation. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol is applicable to research related to atherosclerosis.
    5β,6β-Epoxycholestanol
  • HY-N0935
    Ligustrazine hydrochloride 76494-51-4 99.93%
    Ligustrazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable alkaloid. It can be isolated from Ligusticum striatum DC. Ligustrazine hydrochloride reduces ROS, upregulates the levels of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS, and decreases ALT and AST. It inhibits glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxidative stress, ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerotic plaque progression, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves neurological function, cerebral infarct volume and brain water content. Ligustrazine hydrochloride possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, endothelial protective and hepatoprotective activities. It can be used in studies related to ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
    Ligustrazine hydrochloride
  • HY-114977
    Avenanthramide A 108605-70-5 98.35%
    Avenanthramide A is an orally active phytoalexin that targets the RNA helicase DDX3 with a KD of 8.8 μM. Avenanthramide A induces mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and triggers apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production. Avenanthramide A can be used in research on colorectal cancer and atherosclerosis.
    Avenanthramide A
  • HY-153492A
    Olpasiran sodium 98.82%
    Olpasiran (AMG 890, ARC-LPA) sodium is an N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated, hepatocyte-targeted siRNA. Olpasiran sodium directly inhibits LPA messenger RNA translation in hepatocytes and potently reduce Lp(a) concentration. Olpasiran sodium can be used for the research of cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis.
    Olpasiran sodium
  • HY-129440
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin 68573-24-0 99.03%
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin is an orally active polyphenol found in safflower seeds with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin suppresses NF‑κB, TLR4/MyD88 and MAPK signaling, activates NQO1/HO‑1 pathways, and inhibits pro‑inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX‑2 and ROS production. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin induces S‑phase arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, reduces atherosclerotic lesions, and alleviates renal and vascular injuries. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin acts as a vasodilator, regulates calcium dynamics. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, glioblastoma, and acute renal failure.
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin
  • HY-N0859
    Schisanhenol 69363-14-0 99.99%
    Schisanhenol (Schizanhenol), a lignan, is an orally active antioxidant. Schisanhenol reduces AChE activity, increases SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, and decreases phosphorylated Tau (Ser 396) levels. Schisanhenol increases SOD and glutathione peroxidase activity, decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and inhibits UGT2B7 activitY. Schisanhenol attenuates ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Schisanhenol inhibits LDL oxidation, brain mitochondrial and membrane peroxidative damage, and brain mitochondrial swelling and disintegration. Schisanhenol can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, brain ischemia, and age-related brain deterioration.
    Schisanhenol
  • HY-107580
    GPR109 receptor agonist-1 306935-41-1 99.94%
    GPR109 receptor agonist-1 is a highly selective agonist of the human orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR109b, and does not activate the mouse homologous receptor PUMA-G. GPR109 receptor agonist-1 functionally modulates the human GPR109b receptor via the cAMP signaling pathway, with an EC50 of 400 nM. GPR109 receptor agonist-1 inhibits isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-stimulated lipolysis in human subcutaneous adipocytes, with efficacy comparable to that of Niacin (HY-B0143), and does not act on β-adrenergic receptors. GPR109 receptor agonist-1 can be used in studies related to dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
    GPR109 receptor agonist-1
  • HY-W040255
    1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 89947-79-5 99.9%
    1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phospholipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine reduces the viability of HUVECs, increases the levels of ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation, promotes the production of superoxide anions, and decreases the levels of glutathione and GPX4 in cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of FABP3 in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and damage. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine activates caspase-11 and promotes the continuous release of IL-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine inhibits the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and induces apoptosis in these cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is applicable to relevant research on atherosclerosis.
    1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • HY-NP203
    High density lipoprotein (human) 98.00%
    High density lipoprotein (human) (HDL (human)) is a human-derived high-density lipoprotein. High density lipoprotein can cross the blood-brain barrier, and partially acts on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by activating surface receptors such as SR-B1 and S1P3R, as well as intracellular signaling cascades involving Akt, PI3K and MAPK, thereby inducing the production of NO in endothelial cells. High density lipoprotein (human) can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cancer and atherosclerosis.
    High density lipoprotein (human)