1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Based on 1 Customer Validation
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phospholipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine reduces the viability of HUVECs, increases the levels of ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation, promotes the production of superoxide anions, and decreases the levels of glutathione and GPX4 in cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of FABP3 in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and damage. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine activates caspase-11 and promotes the continuous release of IL-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine inhibits the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and induces apoptosis in these cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is applicable to relevant research on atherosclerosis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.68%
- CAS No.: 89947-79-5
- Formula: C29H56NO10P
- Molecular Weight:609.73
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (12.5-50 μM; 12-48 h) dose- and time-dependently reduces the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), increases ferrous ion levels and lipid peroxidation levels in cells, promotes the production of superoxide anions in cells, and decreases glutathione and GPX4 levels in cells[2].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (25 μM; 24 h) increases the mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes, mitochondrial dysfunction injury, and FABP3 upregulation[2].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine. Together with other specific OxPC subtypes, it promotes the sustained release of interleukin-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells by regulating the activation of caspase-11[3].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (2.5-100 μM; 10-40 h) dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation of A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells under high-serum (10% FCS) conditions, and induces time-dependent cytotoxicity in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells under low-serum (0.1% FCS) conditions[4].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (50 μM; 2-40 h) induces apoptosis-consistent morphological changes (cell detachment, shrinkage and apoptotic body formation), time-dependent DNA fragmentation, as well as apoptosis-consistent time-dependent ultrastructural changes (pyknosis, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing) in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells under low-serum conditions (0.1% FCS), and triggers time-dependent apoptosis[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
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Concentration:12.5 μM; 25 μM; 50 μM
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Incubation Time:12 h; 24 h, ; 48 h
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Result:Induced HUVEC death in a dose-dependent manner.
Significantly reduced HUVEC viability at 25 μM, with a time-dependent effect that was most significant after 24 h of treatment.
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Cell Line:human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
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Concentration:25 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Reduced GPX4 protein expression in HUVECs.
Had this reduction inhibited by ferrostatin-1.
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Cell Line:A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
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Concentration:2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM
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Incubation Time:13 h
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Result:Caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, with significant inhibition relative to untreated control at concentrations above 10 μM.
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Cell Line:A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
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Concentration:50 μM
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Incubation Time:10, 20, 40 h (0.1% FCS); 10, 20, 40 h (10% FCS)
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Result:Induced a time-dependent increase in cell death in 0.1% FCS, with significantly elevated death rates after 10 h and maximum damage after 40 h.
Completely abolished proapoptotic/cytotoxic effects in 10% FCS.
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Cell Line:A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
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Concentration:50 μM
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Incubation Time:8, 20, 40 h (0.1% FCS); 8, 20, 40 h (10% FCS)
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Result:Induced time-dependent internucleosomal DNA laddering (a hallmark of apoptosis) in 0.1% FCS, with ladder intensity increasing with longer incubation times.
Did not induce DNA degradation in 10% FCS.
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Cell Line:A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
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Concentration:50 μM
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Incubation Time:2, 4, 6 h
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Result:Induced a time-dependent increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, reaching a 3.6-fold increase relative to control after 6 h.
Did not significantly alter the percentage of necrotic cells.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 89947-79-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 609.73
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Formula C29H56NO10P
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(OC[C@H](OC(CCCC(O)=O)=O)COC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O)([O-])=O
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Synonyms
PGPC
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (27.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Chen S, et al. The oxidized phospholipid PGPC impairs endothelial function by promoting endothelial cell ferroptosis via FABP3. J Lipid Res. 2024;65(2):100499. [Content Brief]
[2]. Dong Y, et al. Oxidized phospholipids as novel mediators of neurodegeneration. Trends Neurosci. 2022;45(6):419-429. [Content Brief]
[3]. Fruhwirth GO, et al. The oxidized phospholipids POVPC and PGPC inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1761(9):1060-1069. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.6401 mL | 8.2004 mL | 16.4007 mL | 41.0018 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3280 mL | 1.6401 mL | 3.2801 mL | 8.2004 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1640 mL | 0.8200 mL | 1.6401 mL | 4.1002 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1093 mL | 0.5467 mL | 1.0934 mL | 2.7335 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0820 mL | 0.4100 mL | 0.8200 mL | 2.0501 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0656 mL | 0.3280 mL | 0.6560 mL | 1.6401 mL |
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