2. Apoptosis Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Ferroptosis FABP Caspase Interleukin Related Apoptosis
  4. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine  (Synonyms: PGPC)

Cat. No.: HY-W040255 Purity: 99.68%
COA
SDS
Handling Instructions Technical Support

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phospholipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine reduces the viability of HUVECs, increases the levels of ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation, promotes the production of superoxide anions, and decreases the levels of glutathione and GPX4 in cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of FABP3 in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and damage. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine activates caspase-11 and promotes the continuous release of IL-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine inhibits the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and induces apoptosis in these cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is applicable to relevant research on atherosclerosis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 89947-79-5

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Related Antibodies

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Description

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phospholipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine reduces the viability of HUVECs, increases the levels of ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation, promotes the production of superoxide anions, and decreases the levels of glutathione and GPX4 in cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of FABP3 in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and damage. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine activates caspase-11 and promotes the continuous release of IL-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine inhibits the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and induces apoptosis in these cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is applicable to relevant research on atherosclerosis[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (12.5-50 μM; 12-48 h) dose- and time-dependently reduces the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), increases ferrous ion levels and lipid peroxidation levels in cells, promotes the production of superoxide anions in cells, and decreases glutathione and GPX4 levels in cells[2].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (25 μM; 24 h) increases the mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes, mitochondrial dysfunction injury, and FABP3 upregulation[2].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phosphatidylcholine. Together with other specific OxPC subtypes, it promotes the sustained release of interleukin-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells by regulating the activation of caspase-11[3].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (2.5-100 μM; 10-40 h) dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation of A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells under high-serum (10% FCS) conditions, and induces time-dependent cytotoxicity in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells under low-serum (0.1% FCS) conditions[4].
1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (50 μM; 2-40 h) induces apoptosis-consistent morphological changes (cell detachment, shrinkage and apoptotic body formation), time-dependent DNA fragmentation, as well as apoptosis-consistent time-dependent ultrastructural changes (pyknosis, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing) in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells under low-serum conditions (0.1% FCS), and triggers time-dependent apoptosis[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Concentration: 12.5 μM; 25 μM; 50 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h; 24 h, ; 48 h
Result: Induced HUVEC death in a dose-dependent manner.
Significantly reduced HUVEC viability at 25 μM, with a time-dependent effect that was most significant after 24 h of treatment.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Concentration: 25 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Reduced GPX4 protein expression in HUVECs.
Had this reduction inhibited by ferrostatin-1.

Cell Proliferation Assay[3]

Cell Line: A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
Concentration: 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM
Incubation Time: 13 h
Result: Caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, with significant inhibition relative to untreated control at concentrations above 10 μM.

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[3]

Cell Line: A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
Concentration: 50 μM
Incubation Time: 10, 20, 40 h (0.1% FCS); 10, 20, 40 h (10% FCS)
Result: Induced a time-dependent increase in cell death in 0.1% FCS, with significantly elevated death rates after 10 h and maximum damage after 40 h.
Completely abolished proapoptotic/cytotoxic effects in 10% FCS.

Apoptosis Analysis[3]

Cell Line: A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
Concentration: 50 μM
Incubation Time: 8, 20, 40 h (0.1% FCS); 8, 20, 40 h (10% FCS)
Result: Induced time-dependent internucleosomal DNA laddering (a hallmark of apoptosis) in 0.1% FCS, with ladder intensity increasing with longer incubation times.
Did not induce DNA degradation in 10% FCS.

Apoptosis Analysis[3]

Cell Line: A7r5 (rat aortic smooth muscle cells)
Concentration: 50 μM
Incubation Time: 2, 4, 6 h
Result: Induced a time-dependent increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, reaching a 3.6-fold increase relative to control after 6 h.
Did not significantly alter the percentage of necrotic cells.
Molecular Weight

609.73

Formula

C29H56NO10P
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(OC[C@H](OC(CCCC(O)=O)=O)COC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O)([O-])=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (27.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.6401 mL 8.2004 mL 16.4007 mL
5 mM 0.3280 mL 1.6401 mL 3.2801 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.9%

SDS (394 KB)

COA (241 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 1.6401 mL 8.2004 mL 16.4007 mL 41.0018 mL
5 mM 0.3280 mL 1.6401 mL 3.2801 mL 8.2004 mL
10 mM 0.1640 mL 0.8200 mL 1.6401 mL 4.1002 mL
15 mM 0.1093 mL 0.5467 mL 1.0934 mL 2.7335 mL
20 mM 0.0820 mL 0.4100 mL 0.8200 mL 2.0501 mL
25 mM 0.0656 mL 0.3280 mL 0.6560 mL 1.6401 mL
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1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine89947-79-5PGPCFerroptosisFABPCaspaseInterleukin RelatedApoptosisFatty acid-binding proteinILCD14IL-1CD36inflammasomeendothelial cell ferroptosisdendritic cellmacrophagedamage-associated molecular patterncaspase-11oxidized phospholipidInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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