Complement Component 9

Complement component 9 (C9) is the final and pore-forming constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC). After C5b-8 deposits in a target membrane, multiple C9 molecules bind and polymerize into an amphipathic ring that creates a cylindrical transmembrane pore, chemically and functionally analogous to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins built by bacteria. Polymerized C9 accounts for most of the MAC's mass and dictates its lytic capacity against Gram-negative bacteria and other susceptible cells. Homozygous C9 deficiency, relatively frequent in Japanese and certain other populations, abolishes MAC formation and causes recurrent Neisseria infections. C9 polymerization is also exploited in research on complement-mediated cell killing and in terminal pathway blockade strategies.