Organ-Targeted Delivery

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) primarily tend to accumulate in the liver. This characteristic greatly limits the delivery efficiency of LNP-based mRNA drugs in extrahepatic tissues, making it a major challenge to optimize LNP systems for more precise targeting. At present, the main strategies for improving LNP targeting can be divided into two categories: active and passive. The first involves modifying different targeting ligands to enhance the active targeting capability of LNPs; the second involves optimizing the specific proportions of LNP components to improve passive targeting. Targeted LNPs have important applications in in vivo CAR-T and gene editing: the former enables the direct generation of CAR-T cells in the body, eliminating the need for ex vivo manipulation; the latter allows gene-editing tools to be delivered precisely to target tissues, greatly reducing the risk of off-target editing.