Activin A Receptor Type 2B (ACVR2B)
ACVR2B is a type II member of the TGF-β family of receptor Serine/Threonine kinases. ACVR2B binds to activins and growth differentiation factors (GDF), which in turn activate type I receptors, activating downstream molecule SMAD2/3. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors[1].
The sequence of amino acids in ACVR2B proteins from different species is very stable, which leads to the conclusion that in the process of evolution, ACVR2B has been only slightly altered, and that both in humans and in animals, its function is similar.
Activins and growth differentiation factors (GDF) bind to ACVR2B, which in turn activate type I receptors such as activin receptor-like kinases (ALK) ALK4 and ALK5, activating downstream molecule SMAD2/3. SMADSs regulate a number of myogenic genes, such as myoD, myogenin, and Myf5, that are involved in cellular hypertrophy, proliferation, or differentiation. Noncanonical ACVR2B pathways have also been shown to regulate MAP kinases. ACVR2B blocks signaling of myostatin, its close homolog GDF11, as well as activin A, activin B, and BMP10[1]. Activin A primarily binds to the type 1 receptors ALK4 or ALK7 in complex with ACVR2A or ACVR2B, causing activation of SMAD2 or SMAD3[2].
In myeloma cells, BMP-6- and BMP-9-induced activation of SMAD1/5/8 through ACVR2A/ACVR2B/ALK2 is inhibited by activin A treatment[2]. ACVR2B has been shown to preserve muscle mass and prolong survival in tumor hosts, and to increase bone mass in models of osteogenesis imperfecta and muscular dystrophy[3].
- [1]. Johanna Magga, et al. Systemic Blockade of ACVR2B Ligands Protects Myocardium from Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Ther. 2019 Mar 6;27(3):600-610. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Oddrun Elise Olsen, et al. Activin A inhibits BMP-signaling by binding ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Cell Commun Signal. 2015 Jun 6;13:27. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Rafael Barreto, et al. ACVR2B/Fc counteracts chemotherapy-induced loss of muscle and bone mass. Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 31;7(1):14470. [Content Brief]
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Activin A Receptor Type 2B (ACVR2B) Recombinant Proteins (10)
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Inhibitors & Agonists (3)
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Recombinant Protein Expression Service
- Codon Optimization
- Gene Synthesis
- Construction of Expression Vector
- Strain Screening
- Protein Expression
- Purification & QC
- Protein Delivery
- Formula: Human
- Molecular Weight: Sf9 insect cells
The EpCAM/TROP1 protein serves as an important homogeneous interacting molecule that promotes direct contact between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mucosal epithelium. This feature helps establish an immune barrier against mucosal infections. EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived EpCAM/TROP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
