TRAIL/CD253

TRAIL (CD253), encoded by TNFSF10, is a TNF superfamily cytokine that induces apoptosis selectively in many transformed cells while sparing most normal cells. It signals through the death receptors TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and is counterbalanced by the decoy receptors DcR1, DcR2 and osteoprotegerin, a pattern that underlies its tumor selectivity. NK cells and activated T cells use TRAIL as an antiviral and antitumor cytotoxic mechanism, and hepatocytes are notable sensitive targets. Recombinant TRAIL and DR4/DR5 agonist antibodies have been extensively tested in oncology, although clinical efficacy has so far been limited by resistance mechanisms.