Saponin Adjuvants

QS-21-Api, an immunostimulatory saponin, could be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant. QS-21-Api stimulates Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses through action on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. QS-21-Api can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome with subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18.

QS-21 is a mixture of QS-21-Xyl (HY-101092B) and QS-21-Api (HY-101092), with a ratio of 35:65. QS-21 is an innate immune system-targeted adjuvant. QS-21 is promising for research of oncology vaccines (e.g., melanoma) and infectious disease vaccines (e.g., HIV, malaria).

Platycoside E is a platycodigenin-type saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum with haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential. Platycoside E promotes the production of the sera OVA-specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody in the ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice.

QS-21-Xyl is a active component of QS-21 (HY-101092A). QS-21 is a natural vaccine adjuvant and induces a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, particularly cellular immunity.

Polygalasaponin XXXI (Onjisaponin F) is an effective adjuvant for intranasal administration of influenza Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine to protect influenza virus infection.

QS 7 (QS 7 Api) is a triterpene saponin found in the bark of Quillaja saponaria and immune adjuvant with immune response potentiator activity. QS 7 can be used as vaccine adjuvant for the research of antitumor and antiviral vaccine development.

MS 2 (Momordica saponin II) is a vaccine adjuvant found in the seeds of perennial Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.

MS 1 (Momordica saponin I) is a vaccine adjuvant found in the seeds of perennial Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.

VSA 1, a semisynthetic QS-21 (HY-101092) analog, is a saponin adjuvant. VSA 1 potentiates antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a immune responses in BALB/c mice, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. VSA 1 significantly improves vaccine efficacy after primary immunization and enhances homologous protection.

VSA 2, a saponin-based vaccine adjuvant, is a derivative of Momordica saponin (MS) II. VSA 2 is an immunostimulant, shows consistent enhancement of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) production when it was in formulation with either ovalbumin or recombinant hemagglutinin B (rHagB) antigen.

QS-S2 is the impurity of QS-21 (HY-101092A). QS-21 is an innate immune system-targeted adjuvant.