MMP-1

MMP-1, historically called interstitial collagenase, is the archetype of the collagenase branch and initiates degradation of fibrillar type I, II and III collagen by cleaving the canonical Gly-Ile/Gly-Leu bond, which unwinds the triple helix. The enzyme is secreted as a zymogen by fibroblasts, keratinocytes, chondrocytes and many tumor cells, and its activity is tightly balanced by TIMPs. Beyond matrix turnover in wound repair, MMP-1 cleaves non-matrix substrates such as protease-activated receptor 1, linking proteolysis to platelet and inflammatory signaling. A common promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (1G/2G) modulates transcription and has been associated with susceptibility to several cancers and periodontal disease.