Siglec-8

Siglec-8 is an inhibitory Siglec whose expression is remarkably restricted to eosinophils, mast cells and, at low levels, basophils, making it the most specific cell-surface marker of eosinophils identified to date and a prime therapeutic target in eosinophilic disease. Siglec-8 is a type I transmembrane protein with a V-set binding domain recognizing a sialylated lactosamine-based glycan (6'-sulfo-sialyl Lewis X and related structures with preference for α2,3-linked sialic acid and 6-sulfation) and a cytoplasmic tail containing ITIM and ITIM-like motifs. Ligand engagement or antibody crosslinking induces two distinct death programs in Siglec-8-bearing cells: eosinophil apoptosis accelerated by IL-5 or GM-CSF priming, and mast cell apoptosis without degranulation. This dual pro-apoptotic property is exceptional among Siglecs and underlies lirentelimab (AK002), an anti-Siglec-8 antibody in clinical trials for eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic esophagitis, chronic spontaneous urticaria and indolent systemic mastocytosis.