Energy Metabolism

D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure.

Lonidamine (AF-1890) is a hexokinase and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor (K_i: 2.5 μM). Lonidamine also inhibits aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Lonidamine can be used in the research of mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation, such as pulmonary fibrosis.

D-Fructose 6-phosphate disodium is an endogenous metabolite. D-Fructose 6-phosphate disodium can be obtained by hydrolysis of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium is a sugar intermediate in the glycolysis pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium can be used to detect glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and TAL activities. D-Fructose 6-phosphate disodium can be used to study Lewy body dementia.

3-Nitropropanoic acid (β-Nitropropionic acid) is an irreversible and orally active inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. 3-Nitropropanoic acid exhibits potent antimycobacterial activity with a MIC value of 3.3 μM. 3-Nitropropanoic acid can induce cell apoptosis.

3-Phosphoglyceric acid is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid is involved in alveolar macrophage epigenetic regulation.

Sodium citrate (Trisodium citrate) dihydrate is an orally active natural product that can be found in citrus fruits. Sodium citrate dihydrate can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Sodium citrate dihydrate has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Sodium citrate dihydrate can be prepared as a cosolvent or buffer.

Diphenyl Phosphate inhibits growth and energy metabolism in zebrafish and mice in a sex-specific manner. Diphenyl Phosphate can inhibit the activity of SDH (respiratory complex II), reduce the expression of CPT1 and disrupts the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Diphenyl Phosphate may be used in research on metabolic diseases.

Sodium citrate (Trisodium citrate) dihydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium citrate (dihydrate) (HY-B1610). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium citrate dihydrate is an orally active natural product that can be found in citrus fruits. Sodium citrate dehydrate can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Sodium citrate dehydrate has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Sodium citrate dehydrate can be prepared as a cosolvent or buffer.

Lactic acid (DL-Lactic acid) calcium is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactic acid calcium is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactic acid calcium is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity. Lactic acid calcium also has antimicrobial activity, which can be used as a food preservative.

Sodium citrate (Trisodium citrate) dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications is an orally active natural product that can be found in citrus fruits. Sodium citrate dihydrate can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Sodium citrate dihydrate has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Sodium citrate dihydrate can be prepared as a cosolvent or buffer.

Sodium citrate (Trisodium citrate) dihydrate, for molecular biology is an orally active natural product that can be found in citrus fruits. Sodium citrate dihydrate can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Sodium citrate dihydrate has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Sodium citrate dihydrate can be prepared as a cosolvent or buffer.

3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase, Alcaligenes faecalis (EC 1.1.1.30) catalyzes the oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate, the first step in the conversion of ketone bodies to citric acid, which is then further metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle).

5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil is a substance that enhances oxidative phosphorylation or mitochondrial respiration. 5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil can enhance mitochondrial oxidative function. 5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil can be used in the research of cancer.

8-(2-Aminoethylthio)guanosine-5'-O-triphosphate (8-AET-GTP) is a GTP (HY-113225) derivative. GTP is the energy substrate for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis.

Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) is a glycolytic enzyme and also an allosteric activation target of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PFK1 supports cardiac glycolysis to maintain normal cardiac function and mediates adaptive responses to pressure overload. Upregulated expression and activity of PFK1 are associated with the alleviation of pathological changes induced by pressure overload, including diastolic dysfunction, interstitial fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy. Inhibition of PFK1 redirects glucose carbon flux to the pentose phosphate pathway. PFK1 promotes proliferation, migration and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells, reduces apoptosis and decreases their radiosensitivity, and shows higher expression levels in radioresistant tumors. PFK1 can be used in research related to diastolic dysfunction heart failure and colorectal cancer.

Phosphofructokinase,Bacillus stearothermophilus is a glycolytic enzyme and also an allosteric activation target of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PFK1 supports cardiac glycolysis to maintain normal cardiac function and mediates adaptive responses to pressure overload. Upregulated expression and activity of PFK1 are associated with the alleviation of pathological changes induced by pressure overload, including diastolic dysfunction, interstitial fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy. Inhibition of PFK1 redirects glucose carbon flux to the pentose phosphate pathway. PFK1 promotes proliferation, migration and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells, reduces apoptosis and decreases their radiosensitivity, and shows higher expression levels in radioresistant tumors. PFK1 can be used in research related to diastolic dysfunction heart failure and colorectal cancer.

Sodium citrate (Trisodium citrate) dihydrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard is an orally active natural product that can be found in citrus fruits. Sodium citrate dihydrate can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Sodium citrate dihydrate has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Sodium citrate dihydrate can be prepared as a cosolvent or buffer.

Aloin B (Isobarbaloin) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aloin B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aloin B is an orally active SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 16.08 μM (hydrolytic activity) and 17.51 μM (deubiquitinase activity). Aloin B is metabolized by rat intestinal flora into aloe-emodin-9-anthrone to exert laxative effects. Aloin B inhibits TPA (HY-18739)-induced ear edema, putrescine elevation, and tumor promotion in mouse skin. Aloin B can be used in research related to anti-inflammation, tumor promotion inhibition, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and constipation.

Sodium citrate (Trisodium citrate) dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium citrate dihydrate, for molecular biology (HY-B1610I). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium citrate dihydrate, for molecular biology is an orally active natural product that can be found in citrus fruits. Sodium citrate dihydrate can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Sodium citrate dihydrate has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Sodium citrate dihydrate can be prepared as a cosolvent or buffer.