Cat. No.: HY-18739

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Name: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-18739
Price: 60.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (825 reviews)

(Synonyms: PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate)

825 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 825 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells (Validated by MedChemExpress).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.80%
CAS No.: 16561-29-8
Formula: C₃₆H₅₆O₈
Molecular Weight:616.83

Storage:

-20°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 16561-29-8

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- Induced Disease Models
Chemical Information
Publications (825)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator^[1]^[2]. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells (Validated by MedChemExpress)^[3]^[7].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[7]

PKC

11.7 nM (EC₅₀)

NF-κB

All PKC Isoforms :

All SphK Isoforms :

SphK1
SphK2

All NF-κB Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
K562	GI₅₀	0.00012 μg/mL Compound: 7	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells	[PMID: 18163590]
K562	GI₅₀	0.12 ng/mL Compound: 7	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells	[PMID: 18163590]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.7 nM Compound: 13	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25970561]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.9 nM Compound: 13	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25970561]
NIH3T3	GI₅₀	0.01 μg/mL Compound: 7	Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells	[PMID: 18163590]
SNU-387	IC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 10	Cytotoxicity against human SNU387 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SNU387 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23701597]
U-937	EC₅₀	0.45 nM Compound: PMA	Induction of attachment of U937 cells after 48 hrs Induction of attachment of U937 cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 17284021]
Vero	CC₅₀	5.7 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	>162 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	0.0029 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	2.2 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	2.9 nM Compound: 13	Antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Indian ocean strain 899 infected in Vero cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 to 7 days Antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Indian ocean strain 899 infected in Vero cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 to 7 days	[PMID: 25970561]
Vero	CC₅₀	5.7 μM Compound: TPA	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as morphological changes by microscopic method Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as morphological changes by microscopic method	[PMID: 28925702]

In Vitro

PMA (100, 200 ng/mL; 1-5 days) induce THP-1 cells to differentiate into macrophage-like cells (THP-1 macrophages), characterized by changes in morphology (adherent macrophage-like phenotype), and increases cell surface expression of CD11b^[3]^[5].
PMA (20 ng/mL, 36 h) inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Induced Disease Models

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can be used to create models of ear edema^[8]^[9].

1. Induction of Preventable Oedema at Ear^[8]

Background

PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.

Specific Modeling Methods

Mice: Swiss mouse • Female • 25-30 g
Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 100 μg/mL in 20 μL (2 μg/ear) vehicle • single dose

Note

Inhibitory or reventable compounds' administration should be performed before modeling. Such as Hydroxyachillin, should be administered 1 h before PMA treatment.

Modeling Indicators

Appearance monitoring: The thickness difference between the left and right ears increases significantly.
Indicator changes: Increased vascular permeability.

Opposite Product(s): Hydroxyachillin; Indomethacin (HY-14397)

2. Induction of Suppressible Oedema at Ear^[9]

Background

PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat: Wistar • male • adult with weight of 200-220 g
Mice: Swiss albino • male • 25-30 g
Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 2.5 μg in 20 μL vehicle • single dose

Note

Inhibitory compounds' administration should be conducted 4 h before mouse were killed.

Modeling Indicators

Appearance monitoring: The quality difference between the left and right ears increases significantly.
Indicator changes: Stimulate macrophages to produce superoxide anions.

Correlated Product(s): Carrageenan (HY-125474); Histamine (HY-B1204); Serotonin (HY-B1473A); Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (HY-101952)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 16561-29-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 616.83
Formula C₃₆H₅₆O₈
Color White to off-white
SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O[C@H]([C@H]1C)[C@]2(OC(C)=O)[C@@]([C@@](C=C(CO)C[C@]34O)([H])[C@@]1(O)[C@]4([H])C=C(C)C3=O)([H])C2(C)C)=O
Synonyms

PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (825)

All Cell Migration/Invasion AssayWB

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Inhibin beta A drives colorectal cancer progression through macrophage M2 polarization and mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis suppression. [Abstract]

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Dissecting genetic and immune drivers of heterogeneous responses to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in gastric cancer. [Abstract]

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Chemotherapy triggers immune evasion by fostering LEPR+ Kupffer cell differentiation in liver metastases. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 9;44(3):658-675.e12. PMID: 41687606
Science

An Aeromonas variant that produces aerolysin promotes susceptibility to ulcerative colitis. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 20;390(6775):eadz4712. PMID: 41264716
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Systemic immune activity occurs during human immune system maturation. [Abstract]

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De novo assembly of nuclear stress bodies rearranges and enhances NFIL3 to restrain acute inflammatory responses. [Abstract]

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Red blood cells undergo lytic programmed cell death involving NLRP3. [Abstract]

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Human MCTS1-dependent translation of JAK2 is essential for IFN-γ immunity to mycobacteria. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 9;186(23):5114-5134.e27. PMID: 37875108
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Nicotinamide metabolism face-off between macrophages and fibroblasts manipulates the microenvironment in gastric cancer. [Abstract]

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Propionate and butyrate attenuate macrophage pyroptosis and osteoclastogenesis induced by CoCrMo alloy particles. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 23;9(1):46. PMID: 35996168
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Blocking ITGA5 potentiates the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy on glioblastoma by remodeling tumor-associated macrophages. [Abstract]

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Palmitoylation of GPX4 via the targetable ZDHHC8 determines ferroptosis sensitivity and antitumor immunity. [Abstract]

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2023 Mar 15;83(6):906-921. PMID: 36634207
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2025 Jul 18;16(1):6610. PMID: 40675974
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2025 Feb 24;16(1):1909. PMID: 39994192
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2025 Jan 15;16(1):687. PMID: 39814714
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2024 Sep 12;15(1):7996. PMID: 39266508
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2024 Jul 18;15(1):6043. PMID: 39025845
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2022 Aug 15;13(1):4795. PMID: 35970825
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2026 Jun 30;20(25):18111-18131. PMID: 42307976
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2025 Dec 16;19(49):41540-41556. PMID: 41320927
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2025 Mar 11;19(9):9390-9411. PMID: 40025734
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SIRT7 facilitates ferroptosis resistance of melanocytes via activating the SMAD3-ATF3-GPX4 signaling pathway in vitiligo. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 12:S2090-1232(25)00545-4. PMID: 40659088
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2026 May 7:S0167-7799(26)00144-7. PMID: 42103601
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2025 Feb:79:103449. PMID: 39647239
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2022 Jul 7;82(13):2401-2414.e9. PMID: 35597236
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Synergistic activity of Enterococcus Faeciu m-induced ferroptosis via expansion of IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell population in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib. [Abstract]

2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2410474. PMID: 39353096
J Nanobiotechnology

Nitric oxide-releasing nanocarriers integrated with ginsenoside compound K in dissolvable microneedles for androgenetic alopecia. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 20. PMID: 41422253
J Nanobiotechnology

Extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells induce senescent lipid-laden macrophages to facilitate omental metastasis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 26;23(1):540. PMID: 40713812
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RGD hydrogel-loaded ADSC extracellular vesicles mitigate uranium-induced renal injury via TLR4/NF-κB pathway inhibition. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 17;23(1):114. PMID: 39962465
J Nanobiotechnology

A novel spherical GelMA-HAMA hydrogel encapsulating APET×2 polypeptide and CFIm25-targeting sgRNA for immune microenvironment modulation and nucleus pulposus regeneration in intervertebral discs. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 12;22(1):556. PMID: 39267105
J Nanobiotechnology

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. PMID: 35264201
Theranostics

Boosting mRNA cancer vaccine efficacy via targeting Irg1 on macrophages in lymph nodes. [Abstract]

2025 May 25;15(13):6329-6346. PMID: 40521193
Theranostics

Neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated impairment of meningeal lymphatic drainage exacerbates secondary hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 24;14(5):1909-1938. PMID: 38505607
Theranostics

Mitochondria-targeted supramolecular coordination container encapsulated with exogenous itaconate for synergistic therapy of joint inflammation. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 4;12(7):3251-3272. PMID: 35547753
Acta Pharm Sin B

2026 Jun 8.
Genes Dis

2026 Feb 28.
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Macrophage DGK ζ-mediated phosphatidic acid remodeling aggravates acute liver failure. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;15(8):4078-4095. PMID: 40893681
Acta Pharm Sin B

Macrophage P2Y6R activation aggravates psoriatic inflammation through IL-27-mediated Th1 responses. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;14(10):4360-4377. PMID: 39525587
Acta Pharm Sin B

Prmt1 upregulated by Hdc deficiency aggravates acute myocardial infarction via NETosis. [Abstract]

2022 Apr;12(4):1840-1855. PMID: 35847488
Acta Pharm Sin B

Activated PKB/GSK-3 β synergizes with PKC- δ signaling in attenuating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via potentiation of NRF2 activity: Therapeutic efficacy of dihydrotanshinone-I. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;11(1):71-88. PMID: 33532181
J Clin Invest

A CD4+ T lymphocyte-specific TCR/GSDMD/IL-2 axis facilitates antitumor immunity. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 1;135(15):e191119. PMID: 40759573
Adv Sci (Weinh)

NQO1-Mediated Anoikis Resistance and Immune Evasion Define a High-Risk Multi-Omic Subtype for Precision Management of T1 High-Grade Bladder Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;13(36):e23605. PMID: 41945867
Adv Sci (Weinh)

HLA-DR+ Schwann Cells Generate the Protumor Cancer-Neuron-Immune Niche in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 15:e76131. PMID: 42295734
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Bifidobacterium Pseudolongum-Derived Acetate Attenuates Acute Pancreatitis Through GPR43-Mediated Suppression of M1 Macrophage Polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;13(32):e17642. PMID: 41903115
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Trained Memory of Uterine Macrophages Improves Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;13(31):e74889. PMID: 41902517
Adv Sci (Weinh)

pH/ROS-Responsive Injectable Hydrogel Co-Loaded with B7-H3 Blocker and NETs Suppressor Boosts OSCC Synergistic Immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(20):e15431. PMID: 41684277
Adv Sci (Weinh)

SR-B1-Mediated Transplacental Transfer of Hydrophobic Toxicants Disrupts Fetal Development During Barriergenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(23):e15742. PMID: 41736660
Adv Sci (Weinh)

O-GlcNAcylated TAP1 Impairs Antigen Presentation and Promotes Immune Evasion in Bladder Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 24:e19955. PMID: 42028629
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Hepatocyte BPGM Induces RET Lactylation and Macrophage Reprogramming to Promote Tumorigenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 9:e18180. PMID: 41514495
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Elevator-Like Hollow Channels in Porous Scaffolds Accelerate Vascularized Bone Regeneration via NETs-Fibrin-Mediated Macrophage Recruitment. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5:e15693. PMID: 41347607
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H3K36me3-Guided m6A Modification of Oncogenic L1CAM-AS1 Drives Macrophage Polarization and Immunotherapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Sep;12(33):e14909. PMID: 40536332
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Synovium-On-A-Chip: Simulating the Microenvironment of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium via Multicell Interactions to Target Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 23:e11945. PMID: 40985312
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Secondary Bile Acids Modified by Odoribacter Splanchnicus Alleviate Colitis by Suppressing Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 24:e09073. PMID: 40990446
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Nanoparticle-Mediated CXCL12-CXCR4 Inhibition Reprograms Macrophages and Suppresses Gastric Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;12(30):e00225. PMID: 40536774
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Plac1+ Tumor Cell-Treg Interplay Supports Tumorigenesis and Progression of Head and Neck Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 May;12(17):e2417312. PMID: 40056047
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Nanocapsuled Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Scavenger Combating Chronic Infectious Bone Destruction Diseases. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;12(10):e2411274. PMID: 39823437
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Delineate the Microstructure and Immune Landscape of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the Leading-Edge Area. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;12(7):e2412740. PMID: 39716897
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Integrin β8 Facilitates Macrophage Infiltration and Polarization by Regulating CCL5 to Promote LUAD Progression. [Abstract]

2025 Jan;12(2):e2406865. PMID: 39535362
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ASH1L in Hepatoma Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Fibrosis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;11(45):e2404756. PMID: 39377228
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A Novel Engineering Cell Therapy Platform Mimicking the Immune Thrombocytopenia-Derived Platelets to Inhibit Cytokine Storm in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;11(45):e2404571. PMID: 39258712
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The Thyroid Hormone Analog GC-1 Mitigates Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;11(44):e2401931. PMID: 39373388
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2024 Jul;11(26):e2400297. PMID: 38704675
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2024 May;11(19):e2306378. PMID: 38482749
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M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote autoimmune liver injury by transferring long noncoding RNA H19 to hepatocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 29;4(4):e303. PMID: 37398637
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Discovery of Novel GR Ligands toward Druggable GR Antagonist Conformations Identified by MD Simulations and Markov State Model Analysis. [Abstract]

2022 Jan;9(3):e2102435. PMID: 34825505
Cell Rep Med

Fungal metabolite-based immunotherapy overcomes tumor-associated macrophage immunosuppression. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 16;7(6):102833. PMID: 42173096
Cell Rep Med

HE4 drives PD-L1 expression in myeloid cells via IFN-γR-JAK-STAT3 signaling to promote tumor immune evasion. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 21;7(4):102691. PMID: 41861828
Cell Rep Med

Macrophage efferocytosis mediated by the TP63-RAC2 pathway promotes immunosuppressive remodeling in esophageal cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 18:102529. PMID: 41418775
Cell Rep Med

Microneedle delivery of CAR-M-like engineered macrophages alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration through enhanced efferocytosis capacity. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 15;6(4):102079. PMID: 40199328
Sci Adv

Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies IRF1 and TFAP4 as transcriptional regulators of Galectin-9 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 21;11(12):eads8351. PMID: 40106574
Biomaterials

Ultrasound-responsive renal-targeted nanoparticles deliver TAK-242 to inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling and attenuate sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:329:123922. PMID: 41481962
Biomaterials

Self-adaptive covalent coating for vascular stents: Coordinated coagulation-inflammation regulation to support re-endothelialization for atherosclerosis control. [Abstract]

2026 Feb:325:123600. PMID: 40753783
Cell Death Differ

Targeting MMA-induced USP36 methylmalonylation to suppress macrophage polarization and tumor progression in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15. PMID: 41398045
Biomaterials

pH protective Y1 receptor ligand functionalized antiphagocytosis BPLP-WPU micelles for enhanced tumor imaging and therapy with prolonged survival time. [Abstract]

2018 Jul:170:70-81. PMID: 29653288
Med

MHC-II-restricted neoantigen vaccine reverses immune microenvironment and overcomes resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cold tumors. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 9;7(1):100936. PMID: 41308654
Neuro Oncol

Low level of tumor necrosis factor α in tumor microenvironment maintains self-renewal of glioma stem cells by Vasorin-mediated glycolysis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 5;26(12):2256-2271. PMID: 39093693
Neuro Oncol

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 22 activates integrin β1 through its disintegrin domain to promote the progression of pituitary adenoma. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. PMID: 37555799

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neuro Oncol. 2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. [Abstract]

Western Blot (WB) analysis ofADAM22 expression in indicated cells after PMA (150 nM) or forskolin (50 μM) administration for 0 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours.
Research (Wash D C)

NIR-Activated ICG-Loaded M2 Macrophage Exosomes Ameliorate Periodontitis via Targeting Infection Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 27:9:1207. PMID: 42051363
Research (Wash D C)

Repurposed Acarbose Targets Nidogen-1 to Remodel the Tumor Stroma and Suppress Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 25:9:1161. PMID: 41756725
Research (Wash D C)

Microfluidic Perfusable Pathological Vasculature for Atherosclerosis Drug Screening. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 19:8:0902. PMID: 40979559
Research (Wash D C)

Astrocyte-Derived Interleukin 11 Modulates Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk via Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 30:8:0598. PMID: 39886603
Chem Eng J

2025 Dec 10;527:171773.
Chem Eng J

2025 Jul 1.
J Control Release

Biomimetic trident lipid anchoring enables stable neutrophil-based combination therapy. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 10:394:114903. PMID: 41942056
J Control Release

Fibrin gel-based co-delivery of self-adjuvant tumor vaccine and PD-1 blockade for post-surgical gastric cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 10:391:114629. PMID: 41544668
Cancer Biol Med

Chidamide suppresses macrophage-mediated immune evasion and tumor progression in small cell lung cancer by targeting the STAT4/CCL2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 23:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0241. PMID: 41131865
J Control Release

Archaea-inspired deoxyribonuclease I liposomes prevent multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 10:380:1109-1126. PMID: 39986474
J Control Release

TRAIL-expressing cell membrane nanovesicles as an anti-inflammatory platform for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 10:320:304-313. PMID: 32004586
Cell Death Dis

EFHD2 drives lactate-mediated DNA damage repair and immunosuppression via HMGB1 and HIF-1α to confer radioresistance in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 23. PMID: 42336814
Cell Death Dis

MTFR2 promotes VDAC1 oligomerization to reprogram BCAA metabolism in tumor cells to polarize TAMs in LUAD. [Abstract]

2026 May 20. PMID: 42161922
Cell Death Dis

The RASSF1C-HIF-1α axis drives macrophage lipid metabolism to promote pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 30;17(1):430. PMID: 41912489
Cell Death Dis

Hypoxic tumor exosomes suppress macrophage inflammation and ferroptosis via NDUFV2 to enhance bystander tumor radioresistance. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 19. PMID: 41419454
Cell Death Dis

Targeting TIMM23 to overcome osteosarcoma chemoresistance. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 24;16(1):856. PMID: 41285805
Cell Death Dis

Chemotherapy-induced macrophage CXCL7 expression drives tumor chemoresistance via the STAT1/PHGDH-serine metabolism axis and SAM paracrine feedback to M2 polarization. [Abstract]

2025 May 14;16(1):379. PMID: 40368902
Cell Death Dis

Fusion of glioma-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with glioma cells promotes macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization via m6A modification of CSF1. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 26;16(1):345. PMID: 40287444
Cell Death Dis

FTO controls CD8+ T cell survival and effector response by modulating m6A methylation of Fas. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 15;16(1):301. PMID: 40234389
Pharmacol Res

Antagonising Yin Yang 1 ameliorates the symptoms of lupus nephritis via modulating T lymphocyte signaling. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:210:107525. PMID: 39613121
Environ Sci Technol

Intracellular Protein Adsorption Behavior and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in THP-1 Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 13;58(6):2652-2661. PMID: 38294362
Cell Mol Biol Lett

IDH1/MDH1 deacetylation promotes acute liver failure by regulating NETosis. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 3;29(1):8. PMID: 38172700
Environ Sci Technol

Triclosan Reprograms Immunometabolism and Activates the Inflammasome in Human Macrophages. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 10;57(1):428-439. PMID: 36546883
Pharmacol Res

SHH/GLI2-TGF-β1 feedback loop between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages maintains epithelial-mesenchymal transition and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in cholangiocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Jan:187:106564. PMID: 36423790
Pharmacol Res

Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies APOC1 as an immunological biomarker which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis. [Abstract]

2022 Sep:183:106376. PMID: 35914680
Cell Death Dis

M1 macrophage-derived exosomes and their key molecule lncRNA HOTTIP suppress head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression by upregulating the TLR5/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 24;13(2):183. PMID: 35210436
Cell Death Dis

Exosomal transfer of tumor-associated macrophage-derived hsa_circ_0001610 reduces radiosensitivity in endometrial cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 30;12(9):818. PMID: 34462422
Cell Death Dis

MFG-E8 regulated by miR-99b-5p protects against osteoarthritis by targeting chondrocyte senescence and macrophage reprogramming via the NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2021 May 25;12(6):533. PMID: 34031369
Cell Death Dis

Lipoxin A4 suppresses angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody in preeclampsia via modulating caspase-1. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 30;11(1):78. PMID: 32001671
Pharmacol Res

Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits triple-negative breast cancer metastasis in vivo by targeting EGFR-mediated MAPK pathway. [Abstract]

2019 Apr:142:1-13. PMID: 30735802

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2019 Apr:142:1-13. [Abstract]

Total lysates from cells are analyzed for the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Western blot analysis in the treatment of different concentrations of PMA and PDD.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2019 Apr:142:1-13. [Abstract]

MDA-MB-231 cells are pretreated with PPD for 24 h followed by exposure to 50 ng/mL of PMA for 30 min. The whole cell lysates are analyzed by Western blot for the activation of MAPK.
Cell Death Dis

CXCL1 derived from tumor-associated macrophages promotes breast cancer metastasis via activating NF-κB/SOX4 signaling. [Abstract]

2018 Aug 29;9(9):880. PMID: 30158589
Cancer Lett

Targeting C/EBPβ/SCD1/C16:1 loop-driven macrophage M2 polarization by Bruceine D improves anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Sep 28:656:218655. PMID: 42250753
Cancer Lett

Multi-omics driven immune classification of colorectal cancer: Implications for immunotherapy efficacy prediction and enhancement with WNT signaling inhibition. [Abstract]

2026 May 28:646:218425. PMID: 41819525
Cancer Lett

Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance platinum resistance in ovarian cancer via SHP-1 activation. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 10:643:218288. PMID: 41620200
Cancer Lett

HOXC8-activated TRIM22/NF-κB pathway promotes stemness in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 28:638:218156. PMID: 41265630
Cancer Lett

Traditional medicine Bazi Bushen potentiates immunosurveillance of senescent liver cancer cells via cGAS-STING signaling activation in macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 1:627:217544. PMID: 39929434
Cancer Lett

Acidosis activates breast cancer ferroptosis through ZFAND5/SLC3A2 signaling axis and elicits M1 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 10:587:216732. PMID: 38360142
Cancer Lett

Delivery of CD47-SIRPα checkpoint blocker by BCMA-directed UCAR-T cells enhances antitumor efficacy in multiple myeloma. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 31:585:216660. PMID: 38266806
Cancer Lett

LW-213 induces immunogenic tumor cell death via ER stress mediated by lysosomal TRPML1. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 28:577:216435. PMID: 37806516
J Immunother Cancer

HSP47 inhibition-induced CD155 expression through TRAF2 deubiquitination promotes tumor immune evasion. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 28;13(11):e011976. PMID: 41314980
J Immunother Cancer

Multiomics integration analysis identifies tumor cell-derived MIF as a therapeutic target and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy in osteosarcoma. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 22;13(8):e011091. PMID: 40846326
J Immunother Cancer

Integrated system for screening tumor-specific TCRs, epitopes, and HLA subtypes using single-cell sequencing data. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 31;13(7):e012029. PMID: 40744664
Int J Biol Sci

Macrophage-derived S100A9 promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by disturbing mitochondrial quality control via STAT3 activation. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 22;21(7):3061-3080. PMID: 40384874
J Immunother Cancer

Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveal cellular heterogeneity and a novel cancer-promoting Treg cell subset in human clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 4;13(1):e010183. PMID: 39755578
Int J Biol Sci

Senescent renal tubular cells derived extracellular vesicles transported miR-20a and miR-21 induced macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition in renal fibrosis after ischemia reperfusion injury. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 6;21(3):940-954. PMID: 39897045
J Immunother Cancer

Loss of Annexin A1 in macrophages restrains efferocytosis and remodels immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer by activating the cGAS/STING pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 4;12(9):e009318. PMID: 39237260
Int J Biol Sci

SGK1 aggravates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by triggering H3k27ac-mediated macrophage reprogramming and disturbing immune homeostasis. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 12;20(3):968-986. PMID: 38250161
Int J Biol Sci

Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels. [Abstract]

2020 Jun 27;16(13):2382-2391. PMID: 32760206
Cell Commun Signal

Intestinal epithelial PIEZO1 regulates macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition via epithelial-derived TGF-α signaling in Crohn's disease. [Abstract]

2026 May 28. PMID: 42210253
Cell Commun Signal

NSP1 of Alongshan virus antagonizes type I interferon responses by promoting STUB1-mediated degradation of RIG-I. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 24;24(1):262. PMID: 41877189
Cell Commun Signal

NAMPT and NNMT released via extracellular vesicles and as soluble mediators are distinguished traits of BRAF inhibitor resistance of melanoma cells impacting on the tumor microenvironment. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 21;23(1):348. PMID: 40691620
Cell Commun Signal

Helicobacter pylori infection promotes M1 macrophage polarization and gastric inflammation by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via TNF/TNFR1 axis. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 6;23(1):6. PMID: 39762835
Cell Commun Signal

Neutrophil extracellular traps promote angiogenesis in gastric cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 21;21(1):176. PMID: 37480055
Cell Commun Signal

Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by the hypoxic microenvironment in gastric cancer augment tumour growth. [Abstract]

2023 May 1;21(1):86. PMID: 37127629
J Exp Med

EP3 enhances adhesion and cytotoxicity of NK cells toward hepatic stellate cells in a murine liver fibrosis model. [Abstract]

2022 May 2;219(5):e20212414. PMID: 35420633
J Neuroinflammation

Transforming growth factor-β1 protects against LPC-induced cognitive deficit by attenuating pyroptosis of microglia via NF-κB/ERK1/2 pathways. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 28;19(1):194. PMID: 35902863
Phytomedicine

Shegan Mahuang Decoction ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis progression by inhibiting CCL3-mediated NETosis. [Abstract]

2026 Aug:158:158386. PMID: 42275874
Phytomedicine

Oxymatrine attenuates melanoma progression and metastasis through SORBS2-mediated suppression of M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:155:158148. PMID: 41956023
Phytomedicine

Wuse-oil Compound 03 mitigates radiation-induced oral mucositis by modulating oral microbiota to mediate TLR4/NF-κB pathway and inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Sep:145:157083. PMID: 40714424
Phytomedicine

Calycosin inhibits lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by downregulating early growth response 1. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 25:143:156884. PMID: 40446581
Phytomedicine

Tetrahydrocurcumin alleviates colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating the SPP1/CD44 axis and preventing M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:141:156674. PMID: 40220425
Phytomedicine

Panax notoginseng saponins ameliorate LPS-induced acute lung injury by promoting STAT6-mediated M2-like macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Apr:139:156513. PMID: 40010033
Phytomedicine

Protopine ameliorates OVA-induced asthma through modulatingTLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Apr:126:155410. PMID: 38367422
Phytomedicine

Shen-Shuai-II-Recipe inhibits tubular inflammation by PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation to attenuate fibroblast activation in fibrotic kidneys. [Abstract]

2024 Apr:126:155450. PMID: 38368794
Phytomedicine

Anemoside B4 protects against chronic relapsing colitis in mice by modulating inflammatory response, colonic transcriptome and the gut microbiota. [Abstract]

2022 Nov:106:154416. PMID: 36037770
Phytomedicine

Vitexin exerts protective effects against calcium oxalate crystal-induced kidney pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Jun:86:153562. PMID: 33857849
J Pharm Anal

2026 Apr 2.
EBioMedicine

Immunological profiles of human oligodendrogliomas define two distinct molecular subtypes. [Abstract]

2023 Jan:87:104410. PMID: 36525723
Mater Today Bio

Non-destructive debridement and tuneable ion release via magnesium abrasion and electro-dissolution promote bone regeneration and osseointegration of infected implants. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 30. PMID: 42182868
Adv Healthc Mater

Biomimetic Copper-Doped Nano-Aluminum Adjuvant Potentiates Therapy in Chemoresistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 10:e04039. PMID: 41804653
Mater Today Bio

Mitochondrial biogenesis modulation by silicon-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles drives angio- and lymphangiogenesis in chronic wound healing. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 3:35:102629. PMID: 41450334
Cancer Genet

FBXL16 regulates TAMs recruitment by mediating cytokine release in gliomas. [Abstract]

2025 Nov:298-299:285-294. PMID: 41265012
Mater Today Bio

2025 Sep 6;35:102286.
Adv Healthc Mater

MOF-818 Nanozyme Suppresses Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Injury. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;14(8):e2401574. PMID: 39171497
Nano Today

2024 Dec.
J Hazard Mater

Silicon carbide nanoparticles induce pulmonary fibrosis by promoting macrophage apoptosis through parkin-mediated mitophagy disruption and the intervention effect of emodin. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 1:507:141765. PMID: 41864028
Mol Psychiatry

Role of LXRβ in oligodendrocytes in neuronal survival. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 1. PMID: 41034505
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Norcantharidin promotes M1 macrophage polarization and suppresses colorectal cancer growth. [Abstract]

2025 May 20. PMID: 40394236
Cell Death Discov

NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture of pyroptotic endothelial cells exacerbates blood-brain barrier destruction caused by neutrophil extracellular traps in traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 20;11(1):69. PMID: 39979243
Cell Death Discov

Overexpressed nicotinamide N‑methyltransferase in endometrial stromal cells induced by macrophages and estradiol contributes to cell proliferation in endometriosis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 3;10(1):463. PMID: 39489776
Cell Death Discov

Nuclear PCGF3 inhibits the antiviral immune response by suppressing the interferon-stimulated gene. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 5;10(1):429. PMID: 39368978
Cell Death Discov

Neutrophil extracellular traps promote invasion and metastasis via NLRP3-mediated oral squamous cell carcinoma pyroptosis inhibition. [Abstract]

2024 May 2;10(1):214. PMID: 38697992
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Inhibiting von Hippel‒Lindau protein-mediated Dishevelled ubiquitination protects against experimental parkinsonism. [Abstract]

2023 May;44(5):940-953. PMID: 36357669
Cell Death Discov

Hepatic TNFRSF12A promotes bile acid-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis through NFκB/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in cholestasis. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 23;9(1):26. PMID: 36690641
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Discovery of a novel nonsteroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator by virtual screening and bioassays. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;43(9):2429-2438. PMID: 35110698
Cell Death Discov

Itaconate inhibits ferroptosis of macrophage via Nrf2 pathways against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 2;8(1):43. PMID: 35110526
Acta Biomater

Porous Se@SiO2 nanosphere-coated catheter accelerates prostatic urethra wound healing by modulating macrophage polarization through reactive oxygen species-NF-κB pathway inhibition. [Abstract]

2019 Apr 1:88:392-405. PMID: 30753941
J Transl Med

Osteopontin derived from hypoxia-induced M2 macrophages promotes osteosarcoma progression through modulation of EGR3/ISG15 signaling and RIG-I expression. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 21;23(1):950. PMID: 40841904

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Aug 21;23(1):950. [Abstract]

The migratory and invasive capabilities of HOS and MG-63 cells were assessed using Transwell assays in response to normoxic or hypoxic M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. THP-1 cells underwent differentiation into M0 macrophages following 24 h exposure to 100 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, HY-18739). Following a 24 h recovery in a fresh complete medium, cells were treated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide and 20 ng/mL IFN-gamma Protein, Human (IFN-γ, HY-P7025A) for 48 h to drive M1 polarization.
J Transl Med

Metabolic interplay between endometrial cancer and tumor-associated macrophages: lactate-induced M2 polarization enhances tumor progression. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 18;23(1):923. PMID: 40826409
J Transl Med

Single-cell profiling of SLC family transporters: uncovering the role of SLC7A1 in osteosarcoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 22;23(1):103. PMID: 39844299
J Transl Med

Napabucasin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles trigger anti-HCC immune responses by metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 20;22(1):1125. PMID: 39707412
J Transl Med

tRNA-derived fragment 3'tRF-AlaAGC modulates cell chemoresistance and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 30;22(1):706. PMID: 39080676
J Transl Med

P21 facilitates macrophage chemotaxis by promoting CCL7 in the lung epithelial cell lines treated with radiation and bleomycin. [Abstract]

2023 May 9;21(1):314. PMID: 37161570
Sci China Life Sci

N6-methyladenosine attenuates tumor-associated macrophages M2 polarization via suppressing the translation of Snail. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 21. PMID: 40856928
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

D-mannose facilitates immunotherapy and radiotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer via degradation of PD-L1. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 22;119(8):e2114851119. PMID: 35181605
Nano Res

2021 Mar 27.
Diabetes

N 6-Methyladenosine demethylase FTO controls macrophage homeostasis in diabetic vasculopathy. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 1;74(1):82-95. PMID: 39446524
Dev Cell

Tumor-intrinsic FDFT1 determines coordinated macrophage anti-tumor immunity. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 29:S1534-5807(26)00150-4. PMID: 42061405
Dev Cell

STAT3-controlled CHI3L1/SPP1 positive feedback loop demonstrates the spatial heterogeneity and immune characteristics of glioblastoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 23;60(12):1751-1767.e9. PMID: 39933531
Basic Res Cardiol

HIMF deletion ameliorates acute myocardial ischemic injury by promoting macrophage transformation to reparative subtype. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 23;116(1):30. PMID: 33893593
Oncogene

Enhancing glioma immunotherapy by disrupting RBP-J-mediated NNMT signaling in tumor microenvironment. [Abstract]

2026 Aug;45(29):2959-2977. PMID: 42310095
BME Front

mPEG@ELA-11 Alleviates Atherosclerosis via AKT-ER Stress-Mediated Macrophage Modulation. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 25:6:0203. PMID: 41306397
Oncogene

IL-17RA/CTSK axis mediates H. pylori-induced castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;43(49):3598-3616. PMID: 39424989
Apoptosis

BMP7 attenuates myocardial injury and preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 23;31(2):57. PMID: 41575474
Apoptosis

Deciphering macrophage heterogeneity and factors driving M2 polarization in lung adenocarcinoma through single-cell RNA sequencing. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 16. PMID: 41099999
Apoptosis

Pulsed electromagnetic fields inhibit IL-37 to alleviate CD8+ T cell dysfunction and suppress cervical cancer progression. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;29(11-12):2108-2127. PMID: 39404933
Apoptosis

Emodin induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer through NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and NF-κb pathway inactivation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;29(9-10):1810-1823. PMID: 38704789
Alzheimers Res Ther

Krüppel-like factor 5 accelerates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease via BACE1-mediated APP processing. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 26;14(1):103. PMID: 35883144
Food Res Int

2026 Feb 11.
Leukemia

Characterization of E1 enzyme dependencies in mutant-UBA1 human cells reveals UBA6 as a novel therapeutic target in VEXAS syndrome. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;39(8):1997-2009. PMID: 40588566
Leukemia

Microenvironmental CXCL12 deletion enhances Flt3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia stem cell response to therapy by reducing p38 MAPK signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;37(3):560-570. PMID: 36550214
Int J Biol Macromol

Omentin-1 promotes diabetic wound healing by regulating macrophage efferocytosis and M2 polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Feb:347:150757. PMID: 41654047
Int J Biol Macromol

A high-throughput reporter assay for screening potential gasdermin D inhibitors from natural products. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;339(Pt 2):150110. PMID: 41500275
Int J Biol Macromol

Downregulation of the biological macromolecule Spondin-2 disrupts maternal-fetal immune tolerance and trophoblast invasion, driving unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 12;338(Pt 1):149672. PMID: 41391791
Int J Biol Macromol

Exploiting an evolutionary constraint: Targeting TatD nuclease with chrysosplenol D disrupts Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29;321(Pt 3):146394. PMID: 40744178
J Headache Pain

Astrocytic spermidine insufficiency contributes to enhanced pain sensitivity associated with ApoE4. [Abstract]

2025 May 15;26(1):116. PMID: 40375206
Int J Biol Macromol

Bletilla striata polysaccharides alleviate ARDS by inhibiting NETs-induced pyroptosis in pulmonary alveolar macrophage through the PAD4 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 May;305(Pt 1):141026. PMID: 39954881
Int J Nanomedicine

Electromechanical Regulation Underlying Protein Nanoparticle-Induced Osmotic Pressure in Neurotoxic Edema. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 5:20:4145-4163. PMID: 40207308
BMC Med

Enhancing anti-CD3 mAb-mediated diabetes remission in autoimmune diabetes through regulation of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in exhausted CD8+T-cell subpopulations. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 31;23(1):189. PMID: 40165248
Int J Biol Macromol

S100A9 promotes renal calcium oxalate stone formation via activating the TLR4-p38/MAPK-LCN2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. PMID: 39357728
Int J Biol Macromol

Ultra-small platinum nano-enzymatic spray with ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties for photoaging treatment. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;280(Pt 2):135743. PMID: 39304038
Int J Biol Macromol

Purification and structural characterization of two polysaccharides with anti-inflammatory activities from Plumbago zeylanica L. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;260(Pt 1):129455. PMID: 38232876
Int J Biol Macromol

Polysaccharide from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs regulates intestinal epithelial autophagy through CD36/PI3K-Akt pathway to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 31:244:125373. PMID: 37327932
Int J Mol Med

Triptolide exerts antiviral effects and alleviates influenza A‑induced pneumonia by inhibiting the overactivation of absent in melanoma 2 signaling in immune cells. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;57(6):158. PMID: 41992969
Int J Mol Med

Hypothermic machine perfusion protects DCD graft liver from ischemia‑reperfusion injury by enhancing macrophage efferocytosis via KLF2‑NLRP3 signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;57(4):85. PMID: 41645764
Int J Mol Med

Platelet activation stimulates macrophages to enhance ulcerative colitis through PF4/CXCR3 signaling. [Abstract]

2025 May;55(5):78. PMID: 40084691
Microbiol Res

Christensenellaceae minuta modulates epithelial healing via PI3K-AKT pathway and macrophage differentiation in the colitis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:289:127927. PMID: 39393129
Neural Regen Res

Atherosis-associated lnc_000048 activates PKR to enhance STAT1-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 phenotype. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1;19(11):2488-2498. PMID: 38526285
NPJ Breast Cancer

NR4A3 potentials M1-like macrophage polarization to facilitate anti-tumor immune responses in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 7;11(1):67. PMID: 40624019
JACC Basic Transl Sci

ABCA1-Super Enhancer RNA Promotes Cholesterol Efflux, Reduces Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 9;9(12):1388-1405. PMID: 39822602
EMBO J

Macrophage-derived insulin antagonist ImpL2 induces lipoprotein mobilization upon bacterial infection. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 1;42(23):e114086. PMID: 37807855
J Clin Periodontol

Exosomes Derived From Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Metabolic Reprogramming of Inflammatory Macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;52(8):1196-1210. PMID: 40388972
J Clin Periodontol

Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Orchestrates Inflammatory Responses in Periodontal Macrophages via Interaction With Hexokinase 1. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;52(4):622-636. PMID: 39762202
Mol Med

Extinguishing the flames of inflammation: retardant effect of chlorquinaldol on NLRP3-driven diseases. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 19;30(1):245. PMID: 39701924
Mol Med

Th1 cells reduce the osteoblast-like phenotype in valvular interstitial cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 30;30(1):110. PMID: 39080527
Mater Des

2026 Jun 3;267:116298.
Antioxidants (Basel)

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits IFN-γ-Induced PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells and Enhances T-Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Cytotoxicity. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25;15(4):413. PMID: 42072056
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol

Exercise-induced Metabolite N-lactoyl-phenylalanine Ameliorates Colitis by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization Via the Suppression of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025;19(10):101558. PMID: 40562095
Phytother Res

20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Suppresses P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in A549/Taxol Cells by Targeting MDM2-IκB-α Signaling Axis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;40(4):1935-1950. PMID: 41630373
Phytother Res

Ginsenoside Re inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression by suppressing macrophage M2 polarization induced by AMPKα1/STING positive feedback loop. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;38(11):5088-5106. PMID: 39119862
Phytother Res

20(S)- Protopanaxadiol saponins isolated from Panax notoginseng target the binding of HMGB1 to TLR4 against inflammation in experimental ulcerative colitis. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;37(10):4690-4705. PMID: 37424151
Phytother Res

Atractylenolide-III alleviates osteoarthritis and chondrocyte senescence by targeting NF-κB signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;37(10):4607-4620. PMID: 37380363
Free Radic Biol Med

Fyn deficiency drives pro-inflammatory macrophage activation to exacerbate septic acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 16:246:80-92. PMID: 41490764
Free Radic Biol Med

PN-CeO2 as a potential therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. [Abstract]

2025 Nov:239:540-551. PMID: 40782974
Free Radic Biol Med

Sophoridine alleviates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting MARK4 and NLRP3 signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 28:S0891-5849(25)01324-3. PMID: 41167535
Free Radic Biol Med

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation via the m6A demethylation of c-Jun in COPD. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 12:241:14-23. PMID: 40945342
Free Radic Biol Med

FUNDC1-dependent mitochondrial-ER membranes mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and melanocyte damage under oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 15:240:108-123. PMID: 40819663
Free Radic Biol Med

Therapeutic potential of plasma-treated solutions in atopic dermatitis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 20:225:482-493. PMID: 39426754
Free Radic Biol Med

Ginsenoside Rb1 targets to HO-1 to improve sepsis by inhibiting ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 6:226:13-28. PMID: 39510452
Free Radic Biol Med

Upregulation of NF-κB by USP24 aggravates ferroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]

2024 Jan:210:352-366. PMID: 38056575
Cancer Immunol Res

CLK1 Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Trafficking and Reprograms the Tumor Microenvironment by Activating Hippo/YAP Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May 4;14(5):875-891. PMID: 41686262
Clin Transl Med

Tumour-derived SAA1 reprogrammes macrophages to promote CXCL1-mediated metastasis in Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May;16(5):e70698. PMID: 42145073
Cancer Immunol Res

Immunotherapy Inhibits Tumor Cholesterol Synthesis via the IFN-γ-ΙRF1-SREBF2 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 9. PMID: 41364085
Cancer Immunol Res

METTL3 Inhibition Restores PD-L1 Expression and CD8+ T-cell Cytotoxic Function in Immunotherapy-Treated Gastric Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 2;13(7):1037-1052. PMID: 40299705
Clin Transl Med

The novel GSDMD inhibitor GI-Y2 exerts antipyroptotic effects to reduce atherosclerosis. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;15(3):e70263. PMID: 40045452
Clin Transl Med

Single-cell sequencing combined with spatial transcriptomics reveals that the IRF7 gene in M1 macrophages inhibits the occurrence of pancreatic cancer by regulating lipid metabolism-related mechanisms. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;14(8):e1799. PMID: 39118300
Stem Cell Res Ther

AMSC-EVs attenuate acute kidney injury through TXNIP-IKKα/NFκB signaling-mediated renal CX3CR1+ macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 14;16(1):639. PMID: 41239483
Am J Chin Med

Identification of Flavonoid Compounds in Treating Alzheimer's Disease Based on Network Medicine Framework Strategy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 30:1-32. PMID: 40884807
Stem Cell Res Ther

Enhanced engraftment and immunomodulatory effects of integrin alpha-2-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 3;16(1):286. PMID: 40462215
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Monitoring the Cascade of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages to Influenza Virus Infection in Human Alveolus Chips. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 6;16(44):60045-60055. PMID: 39450775
Br J Cancer

SPP1 represents a therapeutic target that promotes the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by driving M2 macrophage infiltration. [Abstract]

2024 May;130(11):1770-1782. PMID: 38600327
Cell Rep

RBFOX2 suppresses NETosis and glioma growth via 5hmC-dependent PDGFB decay. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 11;45(6):117546. PMID: 42284147
Cell Rep

Mrgpra2+ neutrophils integrate infection-derived signals to trigger NET-mediated antimicrobial defense in bone marrow. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 22:117579. PMID: 42330955
Cell Rep

IRE1α regulates macrophage phagocytosis in immune thrombocytopenia through NR1D1 mRNA decay and lysosomal biogenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 12;45(3):117083. PMID: 41824452
Cell Rep

Tunneling nanotube-mediated stem cell immunomodulation dysfunction promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in GDM. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 25;44(11):116505. PMID: 41187060
Cell Rep

SLC6A8-mediated creatine uptake suppresses ERK2-FSP1 signaling and induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 1;44(9):116139. PMID: 40892544
World J Gastroenterol

TSC22D1 promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction and induces macrophage M1 polarization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 21;31(31):109605. PMID: 40901684
Cell Rep

ENPP1 governs the metabolic regulation of effector T cells in autoimmunity by detecting cytosolic mitochondrial DNA. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 13;44(6):115851. PMID: 40516055
Cell Rep

Macrophage extracellular traps as key mediators of scleral remodeling in myopia induced by hypoxia and activated platelets. [Abstract]

2025 May 28;44(6):115771. PMID: 40440172
Cell Rep

Desuccinylation of TBK1 by SIRT5 regulates inflammatory response of macrophages in sepsis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 13;43(12):115060. PMID: 39673708
Cell Rep

Lipid-associated macrophages for osimertinib resistance and leptomeningeal metastases in NSCLC. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 7;43(8):114613. PMID: 39116206
Cell Rep

Growth differentiation factor 15 alleviates diastolic dysfunction in mice with experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 31;43(8):114573. PMID: 39093701
Cell Rep

Hippo-signaling-controlled MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway potentiates antitumor immunity. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 23;43(4):114003. PMID: 38527062
Cell Rep

ZNF451 favors triple-negative breast cancer progression by enhancing SLUG-mediated CCL5 transcriptional expression. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 19;42(6):112654. PMID: 37342906
Cell Rep

Bacterial effector restricts liquid-liquid phase separation of ZPR1 to antagonize host UPRER. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 27;42(7):112700. PMID: 37379216
Cell Rep

METTL3-mediated m6A mRNA methylation regulates neutrophil activation through targeting TLR4 signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 13;42(3):112259. PMID: 36920907
Cell Rep

TRESK channel contributes to depolarization-induced shunting inhibition and modulates epileptic seizures. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 20;36(3):109404. PMID: 34289346
Br J Pharmacol

Neutrophil extracellular traps drive tubulointerstitial fibrosis via the coiled-coil domain-containing protein 25 (CCDC25)-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) axis-mediated autophagy regulation. [Abstract]

2026 May 27. PMID: 42204873
Brain Behav Immun

Regulation of macrophage efferocytosis by the CLCF1/NF-κB pathway improves neurological and cognitive impairment following CO poisoning. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:127:126-146. PMID: 40081779
Br J Pharmacol

Transient Receptor Potential channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1 in melanocytes synergize UV-dependent and UV-independent melanogenesis. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;178(23):4646-4662. PMID: 34363226
Chin Med

Narcissoside attenuates atherosclerosis by suppressing CD36-mediated foam cell formation via upregulation of NR4A1. [Abstract]

2026 May 20;21(1):136. PMID: 42163363
Neurotherapeutics

The EGR1/ZFP36 axis governs glycosphingolipid metabolic reprogramming in monocyte-derived macrophages in guillain-barré syndrome. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 30;23(3):e00895. PMID: 41916145
Chin Med

Fat-targeted small molecule alleviates abnormal adipose tissue remodeling in obesity via SIRT3-driven mitophagy and inflammasome inhibition. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 10;20(1):215. PMID: 41372934
Cell Mol Neurobiol

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Regulate Surgical Brain Injury by Activating the cGAS-STING Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 18;44(1):36. PMID: 38637346
J Med Chem

Targeted Degradation of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Enzyme 1 (PHD1) as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury. [Abstract]

2026 May 13. PMID: 42126822
Clin Sci

Evaluation of inflammation-mediated cancer progression during FLASH and conventional irradiation-induced lung injury. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 11;140(2):201-219. PMID: 41552931
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Discovery of Novel Nonsteroidal SGRMs of Sulfonamide-2-Oxo-Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives by Carbonyl Migration. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 22;69(2):1507-1529. PMID: 41490153
J Med Chem

Identification of 5,7-Dihydro-6 H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidin-6-one Derivatives as ENPP1 Inhibitors for STING Pathway-Mediated Immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 14;68(15):16059-16075. PMID: 40711563
Environ Health (Wash)

Lung Single-Cell Transcriptomics Offers Insights into the Pulmonary Interstitial Toxicity Caused by Silica Nanoparticles. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 1;2(11):786-801. PMID: 39568699
J Med Chem

Discovery and Optimization of N-Acyl-6-sulfonamide-tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives as Novel Non-Steroidal Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 8;65(23):15710-15724. PMID: 36399795
Environ Pollut

Silica-induced innate immune activation drives macrophage pyroptosis and lung inflammation through glycolytic reprogramming. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 1:382:126762. PMID: 40614958
Atherosclerosis

Isolinderalactone alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory response in macrophages. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 26:414:120648. PMID: 41759391
Front Immunol

Macrophage TRIM21 lactylation exacerbates infection-induced orchitis through enhancing STAT1-mediated CXCL9 and CXCL10 production. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 14:16:1684836. PMID: 41613144
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MRGPRX2-Mediated Mast Cell Activation Promotes Malignant Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma through IL-17A Release. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 4:S0022-202X(25)03517-1. PMID: 41197765
Cancer Cell Int

DPEP2 suppresses metastasis via NF-κB-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and M2 polarization in p53-loss non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17;25(1):408. PMID: 41250029
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A Sex-Specific Anti-Inflammatory Role for p62 in Psoriasis-Like Disease. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 19:S0022-202X(25)00413-0. PMID: 40258471
Front Immunol

Comprehensive multiomics analysis identifies PYCARD as a key pyroptosis-related gene in osteoarthritis synovial macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 24:16:1558139. PMID: 40196125
Front Immunol

S1PR2 participates in intestinal injury in severe acute pancreatitis by regulating macrophage pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2024 May 17:15:1405622. PMID: 38827741
Cancer Cell Int

Targeting copper death genotyping associated gene RARRES2 suppresses glioblastoma progression and macrophages infiltration. [Abstract]

2023 May 29;23(1):105. PMID: 37246211
Emerg Microbes Infect

Interactions between host epithelial cells and Acinetobacter baumannii promote the emergence of highly antibiotic resistant and highly mucoid strains. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;11(1):2556-2569. PMID: 36227610
Front Immunol

Comprehensive Analyses Identify APOBEC3A as a Genomic Instability-Associated Immune Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 21;12:749369. PMID: 34745121
Front Immunol

Study on the Immune Escape Mechanism of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With DNMT3A Mutation. [Abstract]

2021 May 20;12:653030. PMID: 34093541
PLoS Biol

The cell cycle regulator PLK1 promotes murine melanoma progression by regulating the transcription factor BACH1. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 24;23(11):e3003490. PMID: 41284701
J Ethnopharmacol

Rexiao Kuining decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by restoring immune homeostasis via the protein kinase C alpha-FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand axis: multi-omics evidence. [Abstract]

2026 Nov 15:370:121985. PMID: 42264446
J Ethnopharmacol

Sanghuangporus vaninii extract exerts dual anti-tumor effects in colitis-associated colorectal cancer by direct cytotoxicity and macrophage reprogramming via the PPARγ/NF-κB axis. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 15:366:121657. PMID: 41974235
J Ethnopharmacol

Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. extracts exert anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]

2026 Oct 28:369:121903. PMID: 42202918
J Ethnopharmacol

Buyang Huanwu Decoction attenuates vascular aging by suppressing the pathway of neutrophil extracellular trap formation via modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/p38 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May 10:362:121315. PMID: 41655726
JCI Insight

LYVE1 ectodomain shedding blunts lymphatic transmigration and clearance of macrophages during kidney injury. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 22;11(5):e195176. PMID: 41587141
J Ethnopharmacol

Modulation of the CEACAM1/TIM3 pathway by traditional Chinese medicine Xuebijing alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of NETs formation. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 10;353(Pt A):120280. PMID: 40651727
J Ethnopharmacol

Ginseng and Platycodon grandiflorum ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation targeting TLR4-P2X7r/NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 May 28:348:119913. PMID: 40318772
J Autoimmun

Neutrophil extracellular traps induce trophoblasts pyroptosis via enhancing NLRP3 lactylation in SLE pregnancies. [Abstract]

2025 May:153:103411. PMID: 40179478
J Ethnopharmacol

Guarea microcarpa C. DC. extract inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing its ATPase activity. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 6:323:117711. PMID: 38176663
Eur J Med Chem

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of brominated derivatives of natural product celastrol for treatment of hepatic fibrosis. [Abstract]

2026 May 5:309:118765. PMID: 41844113
J Agric Food Chem

Lipidomics Revealed the Suppression of 5-PAHSA from Human Milk on Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 22;73(42):27089-27098. PMID: 41061708
Eur J Med Chem

Synthesis and pharmacological validation of fluorescent diarylsulfonylurea analogues as NLRP3 inhibitors and imaging probes. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 5;237:114338. PMID: 35436667
Eur J Med Chem

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 5:218:113388. PMID: 33784603
CNS Neurosci Ther

Angiotensin II Receptor-Associated Protein (AGTRAP) Enhances Glioma Cell Survival Through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway and Correlates With an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. [Abstract]

2026 Feb;32(2):e70796. PMID: 41689202
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Cadmium exposure upregulates TXNIP and aggravates calcium oxalate kidney stone formation by promoting cell-crystal adhesion, apoptosis and macrophage M1 polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Dec:308:119481. PMID: 41319465
CNS Neurosci Ther

Vitamin D3 Attenuates Neuropathic Pain via Suppression of Mitochondria-Associated Ferroptosis by Inhibiting PKCα/NOX4 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;30(9):e70067. PMID: 39328008
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Nicotine induces macrophage pyroptosis via LINC01272/miR-515/KLF6 axis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 15:263:115265. PMID: 37478567
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

The protective role of HMGB1 in affecting the balance between autophagy and pyroptosis to maintain neutrophils homeostasis during β-glucan-induced mice lung inflammation. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 1:252:114637. PMID: 36774802
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Nuclear factor-kappaB mediates the survival of rat kidney cells after cadmium exposure via promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 1:249:114465. PMID: 38321684
Biochem Pharmacol

Recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages via the CCL4-CCR5 axis promotes immune escape through PD-1 signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Jul:249:117925. PMID: 41876018
Biochem Pharmacol

Hypoxia-driven TCF21/CCL11 axis in GCMSCs orchestrates macrophage polarization and lymphatic remodeling to promote gastric cancer lymph node metastasis. [Abstract]

2026 May 14;250(Pt 2):118056. PMID: 42134670
Cell Mol Life Sci

Dual phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β differentially integrates metabolic programs to determine T cell immunity across vertebrates. [Abstract]

2025 May 28;82(1):218. PMID: 40434714
Biochem Pharmacol

Repurposing TAK875 as a novel STAT3 inhibitor for treating inflammatory bowel disease. [Abstract]

2024 Jan:219:115957. PMID: 38049007
Cell Biosci

Differential effects of PGAM5 knockout on high fat high fructose diet and methionine choline-deficient diet induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 21;13(1):154. PMID: 37605246
Biochem Pharmacol

STING activation in macrophages by vanillic acid exhibits antineoplastic potential. [Abstract]

2023 Jul:213:115618. PMID: 37211172
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids

DRAM1 increases the secretion of PKM2-enriched EVs from hepatocytes to promote macrophage activation and disease progression in ALD. [Abstract]

2021 Dec 11:27:375-389. PMID: 35036051
Life Sci

G0S2 drives lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress to promote M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 15:397:124392. PMID: 41985712
Cell Insight

Capicua mediates interleukin-2 withdrawal-induced death of activated CD8+ T cells. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 2;5(3):100323. PMID: 42011339
Life Sci

Exploring the hepatoprotective effects of perillyl alcohol in the experimental models of acute liver injury. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 1:380:123926. PMID: 40850494
Life Sci

Homoyessotoxin alleviates inflammatory responses by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:379:123858. PMID: 40669807
Life Sci

M2 macrophage derived exosomal miR-20a-5p ameliorates trophoblast pyroptosis and placental injuries in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome via the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 1:370:123561. PMID: 40127859
Life Sci

Targeting the HDAC6/Hint2/MICU1 axis to ameliorate acute liver failure via inhibiting NETosis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 1:366-367:123498. PMID: 39983829
Life Sci

TPX2 influences the regulation of macrophage polarization via the NF-κB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 1:340:122437. PMID: 38266813
Life Sci

PGRN-/- TAMs-derived exosomes inhibit breast cancer cell invasion and migration and its mechanism exploration. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 1:264:118687. PMID: 33181174
Life Sci

Epigenetic modulation of glycoprotein VI gene expression by DNA methylation. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 15:241:117103. PMID: 31783053
Life Sci

FcγRI (CD64) contributes to the severity of immune inflammation through regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. [Abstract]

2018 Aug 15:207:296-303. PMID: 29920250
Food Biosci

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Oncoimmunology

Inhibiting SLAMF8 modulates tumor-associated macrophages and restores CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 31;14(1):2581910. PMID: 41211891
Inflamm Res

Molecular profiling of core immune-escape genes highlights TNFAIP3 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker in neuroblastoma. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;73(9):1529-1545. PMID: 39028490
Inflamm Res

Transcriptomic analysis reveals molecular characterization and immune landscape of PANoptosis-related genes in atherosclerosis. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;73(6):961-978. PMID: 38587531
Inflamm Res

Quercetin and Kaempferol inhibit HMC-1 activation via SOCE/NFATc2 signaling and suppress hippocampal mast cell activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive mice. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;73(6):945-960. PMID: 38587532
Oncoimmunology

CPT1C-positive cancer-associated fibroblast facilitates immunosuppression through promoting IL-6-induced M2-like phenotype of macrophage. [Abstract]

2024 May 10;13(1):2352179. PMID: 38746869
Drug Des Devel Ther

Morin Regulates M1/M2 Microglial Polarization via NF-κB p65 to Alleviate Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 22:18:3143-3156. PMID: 39071815
EMBO Rep

CTRP9 engages AdipoR1 and promotes T cell glycolysis and immunity. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17. PMID: 41249580
EMBO Rep

Phosphatase PTPN22 functions as an adaptor in the mTORC2 complex. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 16. PMID: 40958049
J Clin Transl Hepatol

CCNE1 Promotes the Progression of Hepatic Precancerous Lesion and the Malignant Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 28;13(7):555-567. PMID: 40937080
Cells

Naringenin Targets PI3K p85alpha to Suppress PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Ameliorate Disordered MMP-9 Secretion in Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Alveolar Macrophages In Vitro. [Abstract]

2025 May 8;14(10):678. PMID: 40422181
J Am Heart Assoc

HMGB1-Promoted Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contribute to Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Mice. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 15;11(4):e023800. PMID: 35156391
Cancer Immunol Immunother

CXCL9/SPP1-polarized tumor-associated macrophages exert dual roles in regulating anti-tumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 16. PMID: 42301510
Commun Biol

Pseudorabies virus infection induces IRF1-dependent PANoptosis to provoke the excessive release of HMGB1 and IL-1β. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 5. PMID: 42249111
Cancer Immunol Immunother

A novel oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 induces polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and remodels the immune microenvironment in glioblastoma. [Abstract]

2026 May 30. PMID: 42217049
Mol Cancer Res

ID4 suppresses proliferation and macrophage polarization in esophageal carcinoma through interaction with TCF4. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 2. PMID: 41770101
Cancer Immunol Immunother

SLC16A3 in lung adenocarcinoma regulates glycolysis and lactate release to facilitate M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages : Short Title: SLC16A3 reinforces macrophage M2 polarization through glycolysis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 23;75(1):25. PMID: 41432987
Cancer Immunol Immunother

MS4A1 regulates M1-polarized tumor-associated macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis, and cancer progression through the HIPPO pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 3;74(12):356. PMID: 41182411
Nutrients

Dietary Copper on the Onset of Puberty in Rats: Possible Mechanism. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 12;17(22):3534. PMID: 41305585
Cancer Immunol Immunother

Integrating necroptosis and immune landscapes: a multi-omics-derived NecropImmScore stratifies prognosis and therapy in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15;74(11):340. PMID: 41094064
Commun Biol

Piezo1 promotes the progression of necrotizing enterocolitis by activating the Ca2(+)/CaMKII-dependent pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12;8(1):417. PMID: 40074811
Commun Biol

Defining gastric cancer ecology: the crucial roles of TREM2+ macrophages and fibroblasts in tumor microenvironments. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 28;8(1):514. PMID: 40155473
Cancer Immunol Immunother

SUMO modified ETV1 promotes M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and cancer progression by facilitating CCL2 transcription in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1;74(3):87. PMID: 39891717
Cancer Immunol Immunother

STC1 encapsulated in small extracellular vesicles from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells induces CD8+ T cell dysfunction by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M2-like macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 3;74(2):64. PMID: 39751648
Cancer Immunol Immunother

Nicotine promotes M2 macrophage polarization through α5-nAChR/SOX2/CSF-1 axis in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 2;74(1):11. PMID: 39487876
Cancer Immunol Immunother

Lactate from glycolysis regulates inflammatory macrophage polarization in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;72(6):1917-1932. PMID: 36729212
Nutrients

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Affects Cholesterol Homeostasis by Inhibiting LXRα Expression in Hepatocytes and Macrophages. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 11;12(10):3088. PMID: 33050595
Eur J Pharmacol

Therapeutic potential of oral edaravone in diabetic endothelial dysfunction through NF-κB and p38 pathway inhibition. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 20:1012:178500. PMID: 41421410
Eur J Pharmacol

Remimazolam alleviates acute lung injury via translocator protein mediated inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 10:1014:178540. PMID: 41519458
Cancer Biol Ther

CD44v5 enhances the IL-4/IL-4Rα/STAT6/SAM68 aix inducing M2 polarization and promoting triple-negative breast cancer progression. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 31;26(1):2589658. PMID: 41319154
Respir Res

MTMR14 depletion aggravates intrapulmonary inflammation and emphysema in experimental COPD through activating macrophage M1 polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 10;26(1):238. PMID: 40640787
Eur J Pharmacol

Cinobufagin modulates vasculogenic mimicry and tumor-associated macrophages to inhibit ovarian cancer progression. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 15:987:177157. PMID: 39617163
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Profile of Peramivir in the Context of Inhalation Therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 29;18(2):181. PMID: 40005995
Eur J Pharmacol

Cylindrin from Imperata cylindrica inhibits M2 macrophage formation and attenuates renal fibrosis by downregulating the LXR-α/PI3K/AKT pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 5:950:175771. PMID: 37146709
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Hydrogen Attenuates Inflammation by Inducing Early M2 Macrophage Polarization in Skin Wound Healing. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 15;16(6):885. PMID: 37375833
Acta Physiol

The CaSR/TRPV4 coupling mediates pro-inflammatory macrophage function. [Abstract]

2023 Apr;237(4):e13926. PMID: 36606511
Int Immunopharmacol

Electroacupuncture protects intestinal barrier integrity in MAFLD mice and is associated with a macrophage α7nAChR/exosomal miR-217-5p/epithelial HO-1 signaling axis. [Abstract]

2026 Aug 15:183:116879. PMID: 42161050
Int Immunopharmacol

Paeonol mitigates age-related osteoporosis via mitophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. [Abstract]

2026 Aug 1:182:116787. PMID: 42096961
Int Immunopharmacol

Clostridium butyricum alleviates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing neutrophil extracellular trap formation via the IL-17 pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 15:181:116770. PMID: 42070310
Int Immunopharmacol

CTSK+ macrophages drive fibrotic stenosis in benign airway stenosis via the PROS1-AXL pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 16:185:117018. PMID: 42302376
Cell Oncol (Dordr)

P2RY6+ tumor-associated macrophages as a therapeutic target: suppressing tumor growth and enhancing chemosensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 6. PMID: 42250059
Int Immunopharmacol

Celastrol protects against renal tubular injury in early diabetic kidney disease through modulation of NOX2 and ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2026 May 15:177:116533. PMID: 41861539
Int Immunopharmacol

Sakuranetin ameliorates joint inflammation and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling. [Abstract]

2026 May 15:177:116542. PMID: 41864012
Int Immunopharmacol

UBE2C-PI3K/AKT-mediated upregulation of MTHFD2 promotes tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 1:170:116081. PMID: 41456492
Int Immunopharmacol

Nimbolide inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via blocking NEK7-NLRP3 interaction and alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115954. PMID: 41319565
Int Immunopharmacol

Impact of the combination of diet with environment exposures on an eczema mouse model. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115803. PMID: 41218583
Int Immunopharmacol

Microbial metabolite tigloside alleviates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype through Trafd1 destabilization and Trafd1-mediated NF-κB/STAT6 signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115747. PMID: 41192114
Int Immunopharmacol

Oleanolic acid alleviates intestinal injury after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion under steatosis via PPARG-dependent M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 15:171:116162. PMID: 41494252
Int Immunopharmacol

GPRC5A+ myCAFs promote ESCC progression via TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation and ANXA1-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 10:167:115663. PMID: 41082840
Int J Mol Sci

Synovial CXCL3+FOSL2+ Macrophages Mediate Inflammation via FOSL2/AP-1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 6;26(19):9718. PMID: 41096984
Int Immunopharmacol

Bruceine D promotes TNBC regression by inhibiting M2-like tumor-associated macrophage polarization induced Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 23:166:115596. PMID: 40991998
Int Immunopharmacol

Timosaponin AIII from Anemarrhena asphodeloides binds and inhibits S100A8-mediated neutrophil infiltration and NET formation ameliorates MASH. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 20:166:115539. PMID: 40976053
Int Immunopharmacol

Cucurbitacin B suppresses malignant progression of oral leukoplakia via ferroptosis-induced macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 13:165:115485. PMID: 40946669
Noncoding RNA Res

Aerobic exercise alleviates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing circMETTL9-mediated formation of macrophage extracellular traps. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 29:15:156-171. PMID: 41169933
Int Immunopharmacol

High ELK3 expression is associated with the wild type IDH1 in glioma and enhances infiltration of M2 macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 28:161:115064. PMID: 40513332
Int Immunopharmacol

The natural compound PEITC ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice by suppressing neutrophil extracellular traps formation. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 26:159:114939. PMID: 40414074
Int Immunopharmacol

IDH1/MDH1 deacetylation activates the cGAS-STING pathway by promoting NETosis in acute liver failure. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 17:158:114884. PMID: 40388861
Int Immunopharmacol

Narirutin attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in both microglial cells and wild-type mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 26:159:114954. PMID: 40424653
Int J Mol Sci

CD71-Mediated Effects of Soluble Vasorin on Tumor Progression, Angiogenesis and Immunosuppression. [Abstract]

2025 May 20;26(10):4913. PMID: 40430053
Int J Mol Sci

Mechanical Force Triggers Macrophage Pyroptosis and Sterile Inflammation by Disrupting Cellular Energy Metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 2;26(7):3321. PMID: 40244158
Biomolecules

PAR2 Participates in the Development of Cough Hypersensitivity in Guinea Pigs by Regulating TRPA1 Through PKC. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1;15(2):208. PMID: 40001511
Int Immunopharmacol

SPP1-mediated M2 macrophage polarization shapes the tumor microenvironment and enhances prognosis and immunotherapy guidance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 6:147:113944. PMID: 39742726
Int Immunopharmacol

HSPA5-mediated glioma hypoxia tolerance promotes M2 macrophage polarization under hypoxic microenvironment. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 6:147:113856. PMID: 39740502
Int Immunopharmacol

OSU-T315 overcomes immunosuppression in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the ILK/NF-κB signaling pathway to enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 7;143(Pt 3):113530. PMID: 39515039
Int J Mol Sci

Oxymatrine Ameliorates Lupus Nephritis by Targeting the YY1-Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Axis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 14;25(22):12260. PMID: 39596325
Int Immunopharmacol

The VDR/FFAR2 axis mitigates sepsis-induced lung injury by suppressing macrophage lipid peroxidation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 16;143(Pt 2):113328. PMID: 39418731
Int Immunopharmacol

Tumor-associated macrophages induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promote lung metastasis in breast cancer by activating the IL-6/STAT3/TGM2 axis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 18;143(Pt 2):113387. PMID: 39426226
Int Immunopharmacol

M2 Macrophage exosomal HOXC13-AS in laryngeal cancer immunity via targeting miR-485-5p/IGF2BP2/PD-L1. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 25:140:112742. PMID: 39126735
Int Immunopharmacol

Isosilybin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in rosacea by inhibiting MAPK pathway and M1 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 14;143(Pt 1):113323. PMID: 39405940
Int Immunopharmacol

IDH1/MDH1 deacetylation promotes NETosis by regulating OPA1 and autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 30;143(Pt 1):113270. PMID: 39353390
Int Immunopharmacol

Chinese medicine compound prescription HeQi San ameliorates chronic inflammatory states and modulates gut flora in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 20:137:112491. PMID: 38909499
Int Immunopharmacol

Fecal microbiota transplantation regulates the microbiota-gut-spinal cord axis to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 5:126:111212. PMID: 37979452
Int Immunopharmacol

Tryptophan metabolism regulates inflammatory macrophage polarization as a predictive factor for breast cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;125(Pt B):111196. PMID: 37972471
Int Immunopharmacol

Hsa_circRNA_103124 upregulation in Crohn's disease promoted macrophage M1 polarization to maintain an inflammatory microenvironment via activation of the AKT2 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:123:110763. PMID: 37567009
Int Immunopharmacol

Autophagy suppression facilitates macrophage M2 polarization via increased instability of NF-κB pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:123:110685. PMID: 37494837
Int Immunopharmacol

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate liver cirrhosis through the Hippo/YAP/Id1 pathway and macrophage-dependent mechanism. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:123:110456. PMID: 37494836
Int J Mol Sci

Intermittent Hypoxia Promotes TAM-Induced Glycolysis in Laryngeal Cancer Cells via Regulation of HK1 Expression through Activation of ZBTB10. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 30;24(19):14808. PMID: 37834257
Int J Mol Sci

Ursolic Acid Alleviates Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Mediating Microglial Pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD Pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 30;24(19):14771. PMID: 37834220
Int Immunopharmacol

Nogo-B inhibition restricts ulcerative colitis via inhibiting p68/miR-155 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jul:120:110378. PMID: 37244119
Int J Mol Sci

R-Propranolol Has Broad-Spectrum Anti-Coronavirus Activity and Suppresses Factors Involved in Pathogenic Angiogenesis. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 27;24(5):4588. PMID: 36902020
Int Immunopharmacol

Extracellular citrate serves as a DAMP to activate macrophages and promote LPS-induced lung injury in mice. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;101(Pt B):108372. PMID: 34810128
Int Immunopharmacol

Senkyunolide I protect against lung injury via inhibiting formation of neutrophil extracellular trap in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture. [Abstract]

2021 Oct:99:107922. PMID: 34224996
Int Immunopharmacol

Effect of gingival mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on inflammatory macrophages in a high-lipid microenvironment. [Abstract]

2021 May:94:107455. PMID: 33582592
Int Immunopharmacol

Role of gingival mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions. [Abstract]

2020 Apr:81:106030. PMID: 31796385
Int Immunopharmacol

Protective effects of dioscin against systemic inflammatory response syndromevia adjusting TLR2/MyD88/NF‑κb signal pathway. [Abstract]

2018 Dec:65:458-469. PMID: 30390593
Mol Neurobiol

GIV/Girdin Modulation of Microglial Activation in Ischemic Stroke: Impact of FTO-Mediated m6A Modification. [Abstract]

2025 May;62(5):5501-5517. PMID: 39560901
Antibiotics (Basel)

The Tick Saliva Peptide HIDfsin2 TLR4-Dependently Inhibits the Tick-Borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Mouse Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 May 15;13(5):449. PMID: 38786177
Immunology

STING Drives Psoriatic Inflammation by Promoting Neutrophil Recruitment and Facilitating NETosis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 3. PMID: 41775627
Inflammation

Palmatine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Via Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Pyroptosis, and Metabolic Remodeling. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 20;49(1):11. PMID: 41420798
BMC Biol

Bradykinin's carbamylation as a mechanistic link to impaired wound healing in patients with kidney dysfunction. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12;23(1):76. PMID: 40075424
Immunology

Hypoxic tumour-derived exosomal miR-1290 exacerbates the suppression of CD8+ T cells by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;173(4):672-688. PMID: 39183579
J Periodontal Res

Caspase-3 and gasdermin E mediate macrophage pyroptosis in periodontitis. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;59(1):140-150. PMID: 37885312
Inflammation

Small Extracellular Vesicles from Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Primed by Lipopolysaccharide Regulate Macrophage M1 Polarization via miR-433-3p Targeting TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;46(5):1849-1858. PMID: 37351818
Front Pharmacol

Propofol Inhibits Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through the Protein Kinase C/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 May 13:12:655726. PMID: 34054535
Front Pharmacol

Eye Drops of Metformin Prevents Fibrosis After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rats via Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Jul 31:11:1038. PMID: 32903813
Front Pharmacol

Five Constituents in Psoralea corylifolia L. Attenuate Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocyte Injury via Inhibiting the Protein Kinase C-α/Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 28:10:1589. PMID: 32116659
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins

Potential Benefits of Metformin Via Roseburia Intestinalis in High-fat Diet-fed Mice With Colorectal Adenomas. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 26. PMID: 41296177
Front Cell Dev Biol

Enhancing Fatty Acid Catabolism of Macrophages Within Aberrant Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Can Re-establish Antitumor Function. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 15:9:665869. PMID: 33937269
Chem Biol Interact

Phenylalanine metabolism as a key pathway in polystyrene microplastics-induced abnormal macrophage polarization: Implications for fetal growth and development. [Abstract]

2026 Aug 1:436:112213. PMID: 42303205
Int Dent J

Pulpal Pressure Aggravates Pulpitis by Mechano-Inflammatory Signal Synergy. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 27;76(5):109698. PMID: 42364415
Chem Biol Interact

Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived 3-indolepropionic acid promotes colorectal cancer progression via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 1:414:111495. PMID: 40174685
Toxicology

A 3D spheroid model of quadruple cell co-culture with improved liver functions for hepatotoxicity prediction. [Abstract]

2024 May 11:153829. PMID: 38740170
ACS Omega

Deep Learning Promotes the Screening of Natural Products with Potential Microtubule Inhibition Activity. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 5;7(32):28334-28341. PMID: 35990425
Molecules

β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin, a Natural Naphthoquinone, Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 20;29(16):3919. PMID: 39202998
Molecules

Tiliroside Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages and Protects against Acute Lung Injury in Mice. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 10;28(22):7527. PMID: 38005247
Clin Exp Allergy

Prognostic Significance of Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Innovative Nanosheets-Based Clearance Therapy. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 12. PMID: 41679737
Mol Med Rep

CDK1‑induced regulation of p53 phosphorylation at Ser315 mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of macrophages infected with clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;33(1):44. PMID: 41268607
Food Sci Nutr

Spatial Domain-Based Approach to Analyze the Mechanism of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma Pair in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 19;13(8):e70794. PMID: 40842663
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

Small extracellular vesicles from HO-1 modified BMMSCs alleviate steatotic liver grafts ischemia-reperfusion injury by delivering PDIA4 to promote reparative macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 9;1871(7):167947. PMID: 40494182
Mol Med Rep

N‑methyladenosine reader YTHDF2‑mediated AC026691.1 degradation promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 May;31(5):120. PMID: 40052573
Mol Med Rep

Targeted degradation of hexokinase 2 for anti‑inflammatory treatment in acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2024 May;29(5):83. PMID: 38516767
Sci Rep

Multi-target regulation mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus, a network pharmacology and molecular docking study on active compounds from Artemisia argyi. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 10. PMID: 42432303
Transl Oncol

Deciphering IFN signaling in gastric cancer: A single-cell and bulk transcriptomic integration reveals CXCR4 as a key immunomodulator and prognostic determinant. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:68:102778. PMID: 42019279
Sci Rep

IL-36 activates neutrophil extracellular traps and exacerbates LPS-induced ARDS in mice. [Abstract]

2026 May 9;16(1):21231. PMID: 42103804
Sci Rep

FNDC1 is closely related to poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 15;16(1):17490. PMID: 41986425
Sci Rep

DUSP6 promotes motility, invasion, and tumorigenicity of thyroid cancer cells via IL8-induced neutrophil extracellular traps. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 8;16(1):12575. PMID: 41796219
Sci Rep

Pomolic acid alleviates CCl4‑induced liver fibrosis in mice by suppressing β-arrestin 2-mediated pro-fibrotic macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 31. PMID: 41917130
APL Bioeng

Multi-omics mapping identifies CYBA-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction driving macrophage polarization and ferroptosis via Nrf2 pathway in atherosclerosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 30;10(1):016107. PMID: 41624806
Sci Rep

Transcriptome analysis combined with single-cell analysis identified that APOC1 influences cholesterol transport by macrophages in ccRCC. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 6;15(1):34724. PMID: 41053280
PLoS Pathog

SARS-CoV-2 encoded ORF3a interacts with YY1 to promote latent HCMV reactivation. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 16;21(7):e1013344. PMID: 40668819
Sci Rep

Constitutive interaction between neutrophils and von Willebrand factor in peripheral blood. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 10;15(1):24895. PMID: 40640566
Sci Rep

Identification of natural killer cell-characteristic genes in atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics analysis. [Abstract]

2025 May 16;15(1):17112. PMID: 40379756
Transl Oncol

Tumor-stroma proportion is associated with increased M2 macrophage abundance and predicts the resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr:54:102343. PMID: 40068383
World J Stem Cells

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-199a-3p inhibits the MAPK4/NF-κB signaling pathway to relieve osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 26;17(4):103919. PMID: 40308884
Transl Oncol

Thiostrepton suppresses intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via FOXM1-mediated tumor-associated macrophages reprogramming. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 21:54:102327. PMID: 39986191
Sci Rep

Innovative peptide therapeutics targeting IL17RA to regulate inflammatory responses. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 22;15(1):8542. PMID: 40121226
J Mol Cell Cardiol

SGK1 contributes to ferroptosis in coronary heart disease through the NEDD4L/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov:196:71-83. PMID: 39245317
PLoS Pathog

Trem2/Syk/PI3K axis contributes to the host protection against Toxoplasma gondii-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes via modulating decidual macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 9;20(9):e1012543. PMID: 39250507
Dig Liver Dis

TREM1 facilitates the development of gastric cancer through regulating neutrophil extracellular traps-mediated macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;56(7):1237-1247. PMID: 38151453
PLoS Pathog

MARCH2, a T cell specific factor that restricts HIV-1 infection. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 29;20(7):e1012330. PMID: 39074162
Cancer Sci

Pyroptotic macrophages promote proliferation and chemotherapy resistance of peripheral T-cell lymphoma via TLR4 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;115(7):2444-2460. PMID: 38613253
Sci Rep

Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 4;14(1):5237. PMID: 38433281
J Mol Cell Cardiol

MiR-144-5p limits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by mitigating M1 macrophage-associated inflammation: Suppression of TLR2 and OLR1. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;143:1-14. PMID: 32278833
Mediators Inflamm

Three Ingredients of Safflower Alleviate Acute Lung Injury and Inhibit NET Release Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 29:2020:2720369. PMID: 32189992
Eur J Med Res

2026 Apr 24;31(1):843.
Eur J Med Res

The miR-3164/PAD4 axis regulates NETosis to prevent airway inflammation and remodeling through the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 9;30(1):947. PMID: 41068990
Eur J Med Res

GDF-15 upregulates the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling axis and promotes mitoxantrone resistance in AML cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 21;30(1):504. PMID: 40544302
Eur J Med Res

Invisible appliance promotes bone reconstruction via modulating the periodontal immune microenvironment. [Abstract]

2025 May 12;30(1):378. PMID: 40350478
Eur J Med Res

GATA1-mediated macrophage polarization via TrkB/cGMP-PKG signaling pathway to promote the development of preeclampsia. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 7;30(1):12. PMID: 39773303
Cancers (Basel)

MICA+ Tumor Cell Upregulated Macrophage-Secreted MMP9 via PROS1-AXL Axis to Induce Tumor Immune Escape in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). [Abstract]

2024 Jan 8;16(2):269. PMID: 38254761
Cell Signal

FOLR2+ tumor-associated macrophages drive metastatic microenvironment remodeling and lymphatic dissemination in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Oct:146:112676. PMID: 42297063
Neuropharmacology

CXCL10 activates STAT3 signaling to promote ferroptosis in the spinal dorsal horn during neuropathic pain. [Abstract]

2026 Aug 1:293:110965. PMID: 41951153
Mol Cell Biochem

CCL3 promotes oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer via CCR5-mediated tumor cell survival and macrophage M2 polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 19. PMID: 42319715
J Cell Mol Med

Betulinic Acid Suppresses UBE2T Expression via MAPK/ERK Inhibition to Block FANCI and FANCD2 Monoubiquitination in Glioblastoma. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;30(1):e71000. PMID: 41486508
J Cell Mol Med

ZBP1, an M1 Macrophage-Associated Biomarker Identified by Machine Learning, Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;29(22):e70953. PMID: 41299204
J Cell Mol Med

RTP4 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Progression via MHC-I-Mediated CD8+ T Cell Infiltration and Enhances Immunotherapy Response. [Abstract]

2025 Oct;29(20):e70915. PMID: 41126439
J Cell Mol Med

The Flavonoid Kaempferol Mitigates Periprosthetic Osteolysis by Regulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Balancing Bone Metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Oct;29(19):e70878. PMID: 41053962
Cell Signal

Proguanil inhibits proliferation and migration in glioblastoma development through targeting CSF1R receptor. [Abstract]

2025 Mar:127:111550. PMID: 39662608
Cell Signal

Single-cell analysis reveals that TCF7L2 facilitates the progression of ccRCC via tumor-associated macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:124:111453. PMID: 39366533
J Cell Mol Med

Anti-inflammatory effect of Trichospira verticillata via suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophilic asthma. [Abstract]

2024 Apr;28(8):e18356. PMID: 38668995
J Cell Mol Med

ER-α36 is involved in calycosin inhibition of IL-6 production in macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;28(1):e18037. PMID: 37974543
Med Oncol

FAT4 activation inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by promoting autophagy in H2228/Cer cells. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 28;40(1):64. PMID: 36576661
Cell Signal

CLDN6 inhibits breast cancer cell malignant behavior by suppressing ERK signaling. [Abstract]

2022 Sep:97:110393. PMID: 35752352
Cell Signal

KLF14 alleviated breast cancer invasion and M2 macrophages polarization through modulating SOCS3/RhoA/Rock/STAT3 signaling. [Abstract]

2022 Apr:92:110242. PMID: 34998931
Cell Signal

Mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps generation and their role in trophoblasts apoptosis in gestational diabetes mellitus. [Abstract]

2021 Dec:88:110168. PMID: 34634453
J Inflamm Res

Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du Decoction Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression by Inducing Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization via Modulating PP2A Enzyme Activity to Mediate the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Axis. [Abstract]

2026 May 12:19:568022. PMID: 42152943
Oncol Res

SDHA Deficiency in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Promotes Tumor Progression through Succinate-Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 19;34(2):25. PMID: 41613800
J Inflamm Res

Interleukin-27 and Interleukin-2 Cooperatively Regulate CD4⁺ T Cell Subsets and Immune Imbalance in Coronary Artery Disease. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 10:18:17253-17269. PMID: 41399529
J Inflamm Res

Downregulated RSAD2 Attenuates the Apoptosis of LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 12:18:10939-10952. PMID: 40823355
J Inflamm Res

Calycosin-7-Glucoside Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Ox-LDL-Induced Foam Cell Formation and Inflammatory Response in THP-1-Derived Macrophages via ATF-1 Activation Through the p38/MAPK Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 25:18:5573-5586. PMID: 40303003
J Inflamm Res

Cordyceps Sinensis Reduces Inflammation and Protects BEAS-2B Cells From LPS-Induced THP-1 Cell Injury. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 19:18:4143-4156. PMID: 40125085
J Inflamm Res

FLI1 Induces Plaque Psoriasis and Its Inhibition Attenuates Disease Progression. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 20:18:4213-4231. PMID: 40129872
J Inflamm Res

Benidipine Hydrochloride Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibiting LPS-Induced NF-κB Signaling in THP-1 Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 11:17:6307-6316. PMID: 39281771
J Innate Immun

Downregulation of miRNA-451a Promotes the Differentiation of CD4+ T Cells towards Th2 Cells by Upregulating ETS1 in Childhood Asthma. [Abstract]

2021;13(1):38-48. PMID: 33271553
Biomedicines

HIF-1α Promotes Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation and Exacerbates Acute Lung Injury in Neonatal Sepsis. [Abstract]

2026 May 18;14(5):1145. PMID: 42193470
Neurochem Res

Electroacupuncture Stimulation of the Head Motor Area Alleviates Brain Cell Pyroptosis and Neurobehaviors in Stroke Rats Through the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Axis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 27;51(3):146. PMID: 42043662
Poult Sci

Targeting TatD nuclease and the MAPK Pathway: Luteolin multifaceted approach against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 12;105(3):106426. PMID: 41548475
iScience

2025 Dec 3.
iScience

M1-like macrophages regulate T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer through P2X4 receptor. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 5;28(10):113517. PMID: 41031375
Clin Exp Med

HCQ reverses the immune imbalance related to severe infections following chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia and exhibits inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokine storms. [Abstract]

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Rapamycin Inhibited Pyroptosis and Reduced the Release of IL-1 β and IL-18 in the Septic Response. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 8:2020:5960375. PMID: 32851082
PLoS One

Tumor-associated M2 macrophages promote prostate cancer invasion through the M-CSF-PCLAF pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 22;21(6):e0351858. PMID: 42329914
Dig Dis Sci

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Dissects the Molecular Mechanism by Which Macrophage Polarization Drives Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through Crosstalk with Emt-Tumor Microenvironment. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 25. PMID: 42032376
Curr Microbiol

The Role of Talaromyces Marneffei Binding To CD86 in the CD86-CTLA4 Regulatory Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 27;83(2):100. PMID: 41460255
Hum Cell

METTL14 knockdown augmented the polarization of M2-like macrophages to promote acute myeloid leukemia progression. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 30;38(6):168. PMID: 41026373
Hum Cell

ODC1 loss upon KLF6 upregulation promotes macrophage pyroptosis and acute kidney injury in sepsis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 17;38(6):163. PMID: 40962975
Vet Microbiol

FCV activates NLRP3 inflammasome through ion-dependent pathway to promote IL-1β secretion. [Abstract]

2025 Aug:307:110628. PMID: 40602240
Discov Oncol

Glioma promotes macrophage immunosuppressive phenotype through ANXA1 in a methionine metabolism-dependent manner. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 6;16(1):1269. PMID: 40618309
Discov Oncol

Tumor-associated macrophages derived exosomal circPLK1 promotes resistance to EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;16(1):1196. PMID: 40591172
PLoS One

Effect of the TIM-3/Gal-9 signaling pathway on macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 18;20(7):e0328258. PMID: 40679998
Reprod Sci

Targeting Decidual Macrophage Polarization through JNK Signaling Pathway Inhibition Alleviates Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Early Spontaneous Abortion. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;32(7):2233-2243. PMID: 40550988
Vet Microbiol

Immunological characteristics of the recombinant pseudorabies virus with chimeric PCV Cap protein in pigs. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:305:110529. PMID: 40288026
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

Cucurbitacin B inhibits Th17 cell differentiation via the suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway and alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jan-Dec:39:3946320251348715. PMID: 40518910
Discov Oncol

PTTG1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization via the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and facilitates EMT progression in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. [Abstract]

2025 May 12;16(1):730. PMID: 40353994
Biomol Biomed

Periplocin improves the sensitivity of oxaliplatin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 7;25(4):857-868. PMID: 39207178
Cardiovasc Ther

A Positive Feedback Loop Between CXCL16 and the Inflammatory Factors IL-17A and TGF- β Promotes Large Artery Atherosclerosis by Activating the STAT3/NF- κ B Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 24:2025:2973633. PMID: 40165931
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection activates ADAM17 to induce inflammatory responses. [Abstract]

2024 May:292:110066. PMID: 38555788
J Pharmacol Sci

Wilforlide A ameliorates the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2022 Jan;148(1):116-124. PMID: 34924115
FEBS Open Bio

Differential regulation of ZFAS1 splice variants by endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocyte cell lines. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 6. PMID: 41649053
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2025 Dec 9.
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Pathogenicity analysis of three SCA14-associated missense mutations in PRKCG gene of Chinese patients with ataxia. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 20:958:149483. PMID: 40221062
FEBS Open Bio

FXR activation reduces the formation of macrophage foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque, possibly by down regulating hepatic lipase in macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;15(2):311-323. PMID: 39601316
Clin Breast Cancer

m6A Modification Mediates Exosomal LINC00657 to Trigger Breast Cancer Progression Via Inducing Macrophage M2 Polarization. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;23(5):546-560. PMID: 37198028
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2025 Oct 28.
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Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome contributes to vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and shock after burn injury. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 27;51(7):107589. PMID: 40651119
Hereditas

Integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies GADD45B as an immune-related prognostic biomarker in skin cutaneous melanoma. [Abstract]

2025 May 11;162(1):74. PMID: 40350499
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Hsa-miR-194-5p regulates TRAF6-mediated M1 macrophage apoptosis in recurrent spontaneous abortion. [Abstract]

2025 May 26;56(3):166. PMID: 40418413
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Omentin-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells and reduces M1 macrophages polarization through repressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

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Allograft inflammatory factor-1 in macrophages promotes renal tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the NF-κB/IL-1β axis in diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

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Human cytomegalovirus protein UL13 targets to mitochondria to induce cuproptosis. [Abstract]

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Human cytomegalovirus protein US18 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. [Abstract]

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PTBP1-TRAF6 Axis Aggravates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Promoting M1 Macrophage Polarization and Impairing Clearance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 12:1-26. PMID: 41521889
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Gingival mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pro-inflammatory macrophages stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and modulate lipid metabolism. [Abstract]

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Cytotechnology

Alcohol consumption affects macrophage polarization and promotes the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells by regulating the miR-29c-3p/COL1A1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;77(6):194. PMID: 41230538
Exp Ther Med

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2023 Dec 6;27(2):55. PMID: 38234627
Exp Ther Med

MALT1 accelerates proatherogenic vascular smooth muscle cell growth, invasion and synthetic phenotype switching via nuclear factor‑κB signaling‑dependent way. [Abstract]

2023 May 22;26(1):337. PMID: 37383381
Exp Ther Med

A20 affects macrophage polarization through the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and promotes breast cancer progression. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 15;25(4):147. PMID: 36911385
Exp Ther Med

DUSP4 alleviates LPS-induced chondrocyte injury in knee osteoarthritis via the MAPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;22(6):1401. PMID: 34650647
Braz J Microbiol

Mycobacterium tuberculosis reinforces M2 polarization of macrophages by activating glutamine metabolism. [Abstract]

2026 May 18;57(1):146. PMID: 42149367
Oncol Lett

Lung squamous cell carcinoma downregulates haptoglobin expression to inhibit M2 macrophage ferroptosis via the hemoglobin-dependent CD163/HO-1 pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 30;31(5):203. PMID: 41987865
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol

The prognostic and immune significance of Rab11A in pan-cancer and its function and mechanism underlying estrogen receptor targeting in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;21(1):12-30. PMID: 39395024
Oncol Lett

Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomes promote EGFR-TKI resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating the AKT, ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 24;24(4):356. PMID: 36168315
J Biophotonics

2026 Jan 14;19(1):e70220.
Int J Genomics

Chaperonins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unveiling Their Role in Tumor Proliferation and Immune Modulation Through Multiomics Analysis. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 26:2025:6152675. PMID: 41312091
Anticancer Drugs

Thrombospondin-2 induces M2 macrophage polarization through fatty acid metabolism to drive lung adenocarcinoma proliferation. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;36(6):459-467. PMID: 40053399
Anticancer Drugs

α-Asarone attenuates tumor-associated macrophages-induced gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic carcinoma via the transforming growth factor-beta 1/growth factor independent 1 axis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 13. PMID: 40511788
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim

PKCβ expression contributes to M1 macrophage-induced impairment in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;61(6):635-643. PMID: 40526258
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim

IL-27 attenuated macrophage injury and inflammation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by activating autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;61(2):245-256. PMID: 39455490
Int J Rheum Dis

MiR-223-3p and miR-22-3p inhibit monosodium urate-induced gouty inflammation by targeting NLRP3. [Abstract]

2021 Apr;24(4):599-607. PMID: 33650318
Biochem Genet

FBXW7 Inhibited M2 Macrophage Polarization in Endometrial Cancer by Reducing CCL2 Secretion Through Ubiquitination of MYBL2 Subtitle: The Role of FBXW7 on M2 Macrophage Polarization in EC. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 3. PMID: 41484508
Biochem Genet

Silencing THBS1 in M2 Macrophages Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing TGF-β Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1. PMID: 40591142
J Interferon Cytokine Res

Lienal Polypeptide Decreases Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Mouse Model by Upregulating Cytokine Production and Increasing the Levels of CD4+, CD8+, and T Regulatory Cells. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 21. PMID: 40113259
Eur J Histochem

Knockdown of miR-411-3p induces M2 macrophage polarization and promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulation of MMP7. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 7;69(2). PMID: 40322788
Transl Androl Urol

Silencing SPP1 in M2 macrophages inhibits the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer via the MMP9/TGFβ1 axis. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 31;13(7):1239-1255. PMID: 39100821
Ann Dermatol

Exogenous Local Hyperthermia at 41℃ Is Effective to Eliminate Mouse Model of Sporotrichosis, Independent of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;33(1):37-45. PMID: 33911810
Hum Mutat

Targeting LY6E Inhibits Neuroblastoma Progression and Suppresses M2 Macrophage Polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 15:2026:3003097. PMID: 41993132
Biol Pharm Bull

Ponicidin Induces Apoptosis of Murine Melanoma by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2023;46(6):803-810. PMID: 37258145
Acta Paediatr

MicroRNA profiling in Chinese children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and association between selected microRNAs and inflammatory biomarkers. [Abstract]

2021 Jul;110(7):2221-2229. PMID: 33533510
Iran J Pharm Res

KMT2D Induces M1 Macrophage Polarization to Repress Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Progression via Transcription Activation of ITGAL. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 8;24(1):e159395. PMID: 40718439
Transpl Immunol

TLR3 stimulation rejuvenates aged mesenchymal stem cells and restores immunosuppressive function in graft-versus-host disease. [Abstract]

2026 Feb:94:102346. PMID: 41520686
Cent Eur J Immunol 2026; 51
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr

SPIB Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Correlates with Prognosis in Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2025;35(7):51-63. PMID: 41135077
Tohoku J Exp Med

MicroRNA-668-3p Mediates Macrophage M2 Polarization by Targeting NFKBIA to Affect Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 27;265(3):173-182. PMID: 39505541
Tohoku J Exp Med

OxLDL-Stimulated Macrophages Transmit Exosomal MicroRNA-320b to Aggravate Viability, Invasion, and Phenotype Switching via Regulating PPARGC1A-Mediated MEK/ERK Pathway in Proatherogenic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 10;262(1):13-22. PMID: 37793881
Nat Prod Commun

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Protocol for the generation of DDT signaling reporter cell line for CRISPR screening. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 24;7(2):104523. PMID: 42033729
Mol Cell Toxicol

2025 Nov 26.
Eur J Integr Med

2024 Nov 22.
Transfus Apher Sci

CFNAs of RBCs affect the release of inflammatory factors through the expression of CaMKIV in macrophages. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;61(6):103494. PMID: 35773126
Biomed Pharmacother

Enhanced efficacy of methyl ferulate upon pentanoylation in ameliorating psoriasis via Nrf2/NF-κB pathway regulation and HDACs downregulation. [Abstract]

2026 Jul:200:119638. PMID: 42269223
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ProNotch converts extracellular protease activity into programmable transcriptional outputs. [Abstract]

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Cell autonomous inflammation in VEXAS is mediated by cGAS-STING. [Abstract]

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Nanoplastics and triclosan co-exposure aggravates DSS-induced colitis in mice by interfering with Akkermansia muciniphila and tryptophan metabolism. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:161:189-200. PMID: 41461466
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Cul5Wsb2 uses BCL2 proteins as co-receptors to target Bim for degradation. [Abstract]

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Environ Toxicol

Induction of Netosis by 2,2,4,4-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) in Cyprinus Carpio. [Abstract]

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Sci Total Environ

Microcystin-LR prenatal exposure induces coronary heart disease through macrophage polarization imbalance mediated by trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles. [Abstract]

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Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (162.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (40.53 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.6212 mL

8.1060 mL

16.2119 mL

5 mM

0.3242 mL

1.6212 mL

3.2424 mL

10 mM

0.1621 mL

0.8106 mL

1.6212 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 5

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 6

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[2]

αT3-1 and LβT-2 cells are grown in monolayer cultured in DMEM in humidified incubator 5% CO₂ at 37°C. Serum starvation is with 0.1% FCS in the same medium for 16 h. GnRH and PMA are then added for the length of time as indicated. In general, αT3-1 cells are transiently transfected by ExGen 500 or by jetPRIME, while LβT2 cells only by jetPRIME transfection reagent. For experiments with dominant-negative (DN) PKCs, αT3-1 cells (in 6 cm plates) are transfected with 1.5 μg of p38α-GFP with 3 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 3 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. For LβT2 cells, transfections are performed (in 10 cm plates) with 4 μg of p38α-GFP along with 9 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 9 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. Approximately 30 h after transfection, the cells are serum starved (0.1% FCS) for 16 h and later stimulated with GnRH or PMA, washed twice with ice-cold PBS, treated with the lysis buffer, followed by one freeze-thaw cycle. Cells are harvested; following centrifugation (15,000×g, 15 min, 4°C) supernatants are taken for immunoprecipitation experiments^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[3]

Rats^[3]
All experiments qre performed with male Wistar rats (weighing 250-280 g). One hundred and thirty-five Wistar rats are randomly divided into seven groups. (1) Rats in the sham group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline; (2) Rats in the IR group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); (3) Rats in the Carbenoxolone (CBX) group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of CBX (5 μg/mL×10 μL) 30 min before MCAO; (4) Rats in the Sch-6783 group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX (2 mM×30 μL) 30 min prior to MCAO; (5) Rats in the 5-HD group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 5-HD (100 mM×10 μL), and after 10 min, DZX is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (6) The rats in the DZX + Ro group (n=15) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX, and after 10 min, Ro-31-8425 (400 μg/kg) is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (7) The rats in the 5-HD+PMA group (n=15) are given an intraperitoneal injection of PMA (200 μg/kg) after the injection of 5-HD and DZX.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (287 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8

[2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247. [Content Brief]

[3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561. [Content Brief]

[4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154. [Content Brief]

[5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14. [Content Brief]

[6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679. [Content Brief]

[7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247. [Content Brief]

[8]. Silván AM, et al. Inhibition by hydroxyachillin, sesquiterpene lactone from Tanacetum microphyllum, of PMA-induced mouse ear oedema. Inflamm Res. 1996 Jun;45(6):289-92. [Content Brief]

[9]. Kaur G, et al. Antiinflammatory evaluation of alcoholic extract of galls of Quercus infectoria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Feb;90(2-3):285-92. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / Ethanol	1 mM	1.6212 mL	8.1060 mL	16.2119 mL	40.5298 mL
	5 mM	0.3242 mL	1.6212 mL	3.2424 mL	8.1060 mL
	10 mM	0.1621 mL	0.8106 mL	1.6212 mL	4.0530 mL
	15 mM	0.1081 mL	0.5404 mL	1.0808 mL	2.7020 mL
	20 mM	0.0811 mL	0.4053 mL	0.8106 mL	2.0265 mL
	25 mM	0.0648 mL	0.3242 mL	0.6485 mL	1.6212 mL
	30 mM	0.0540 mL	0.2702 mL	0.5404 mL	1.3510 mL
	40 mM	0.0405 mL	0.2026 mL	0.4053 mL	1.0132 mL
Ethanol	50 mM	0.0324 mL	0.1621 mL	0.3242 mL	0.8106 mL
	60 mM	0.0270 mL	0.1351 mL	0.2702 mL	0.6755 mL
	80 mM	0.0203 mL	0.1013 mL	0.2026 mL	0.5066 mL
	100 mM	0.0162 mL	0.0811 mL	0.1621 mL	0.4053 mL

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Keywords

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

825 Cited Publications

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Product Name:
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Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Product Name:
CAS No.:
Species:
Purity:
Quantity:

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Ionomycin

Brefeldin A

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5

Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets analytical specification of Ch.P.

IL-4 Protein, Human

Staurosporine

IFN-gamma Protein, Human

MG-132

Retinoic acid

Rapamycin

Ionomycin calcium

Bafilomycin A1

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

All PKC Isoforms

All SphK Isoforms

All NF-κB Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (825)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Bioz

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Ionomycin

Brefeldin A

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5

Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets analytical specification of Ch.P.

IL-4 Protein, Human

Staurosporine

IFN-gamma Protein, Human

MG-132

Retinoic acid

Rapamycin

Ionomycin calcium

Bafilomycin A1

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

All PKC Isoforms

All SphK Isoforms

All NF-κB Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (825)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Classifications

HY-18739 Related Classifications

Bioz