GPR49

GPR49, better known as LGR5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5), is a Class A GPCR famous as a marker of actively cycling adult stem cells. Expressed in intestinal crypt base columnar cells, hair follicle bulge stem cells and other renewing tissues, LGR5 potentiates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by binding R-spondin ligands together with its relatives LGR4 and LGR6, thereby preventing RNF43/ZNRF3-mediated removal of Frizzled from the membrane. Its promoter activity faithfully labels stem cells and their progeny, which made lineage-tracing studies decisive in establishing the clonal origin of the intestinal epithelium. LGR5 is also a well-documented marker of colorectal cancer stem cells and a target for antibody-drug conjugate development.