ALK-4/Activin RIB
Activin RIB, also known as activin receptor type-1B (ACVR1B) or ALK-4, is a type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor that is part of the TGF-β receptor superfamily. Activin binds to a type II activin receptor (ACVR2or ACVR2B) and then recruits ACVR1B. ALK4 is an important regulator of vertebrate development, with roles in mesoderm induction, primitive streak formation, gastrulation, dorsoanterior patterning, and left-right axis determination[1][2].
The sequence of amino acids in ALK4 (ACVR1B) proteins from different species is very stable, which leads to the conclusion that in the process of evolution, ALK4 has been only slightly altered, and that both in humans and in animals, its function is similar.
ALK4 (ACVR1B) forms an activin receptor complex with activin type-II receptor to transduce activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm, thus regulating physiological and pathological processes including embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression, and carcinogenesis. Receptor heterodimerization activates the type II receptor kinase to phosphorylate the type I receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates regulated Smads2 and 3. Phosphorylated regulated Smads are released and form a heteromeric complex with the Co-Smad, Smad4. The regulated Smad and Co-Smad complex then translocates to the nucleus where it regulates the expression of many genes. In mammals, Acvr1b is expressed by various types of epithelial cells, including interfollicular epidermis, and the outer root sheath (ORS) and the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicles. Activin signaling through Acvr1b acts on skin epithelial cells in a paracrine manner[1][2][3].
- [1]. Dev Dyn, et al. Developmental analysis of activin-like kinase receptor-4 (ALK4) expression in Xenopus laevis. . 2005 Feb;232(2):393-8. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Qian Wang, et al. Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 4 Haplodeficiency Mitigates Arrhythmogenic Atrial Remodeling and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Pathological Hypertrophy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Aug 21;7(16):e008842. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Wanglong Qiu, et al. Conditional activin receptor type 1B (Acvr1b) knockout mice reveal hair loss abnormality. J Invest Dermatol. 2011 May;131(5):1067-76. [Content Brief]
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ALK-4/Activin RIB Recombinant Proteins (7)
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Inhibitors & Agonists (10)
- Species:
- Source:
Recombinant Protein Expression Service
- Codon Optimization
- Gene Synthesis
- Construction of Expression Vector
- Strain Screening
- Protein Expression
- Purification & QC
- Protein Delivery
- Formula: Human
- Molecular Weight: Sf9 insect cells
The EpCAM/TROP1 protein serves as an important homogeneous interacting molecule that promotes direct contact between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mucosal epithelium. This feature helps establish an immune barrier against mucosal infections. EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived EpCAM/TROP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
