Inflammation or Immune System Disease

Sodium lactate ringer's solution (Lactated ringer's solution (LRS)) is an isotonic crystal intravenous injection and arthroscopic irrigation solution containing racemic sodium lactate and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride (130 mEq sodium/L, 274 mOsm/L), which can be used as a cell integrity protectant. Sodium lactate ringer's solution maintains the integrity of human meniscus cells, ensures that they retain normal cell morphology, membrane regularity, size and density, and does not alter the mRNA expression levels of α1 (I) procollagen, α1 (II) procollagen, aggrecan or HSP70. Sodium lactate ringer's solution can be applied to studies related to extracellular fluid deficiency and meniscus tears.

Busulfan solution is mainly composed of Busulfan (HY-B0245). Busulfan is a potent alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Busulfan induces apoptosis. Busulfan is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent.

Plerixafor solution is mainly composed of Plerixafor (HY-10046). Plerixafor (AMD 3100) is a selective CXCR4 antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 44 nM. Plerixafor, an immunostimulant and a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer, is an allosteric agonist of CXCR7. Plerixafor inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication with an EC₅₀ of 1-10 nM.

Fulvestrant solution is mainly composed of Fulvestrant (HY-13636). Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) is a pure antiestrogen and a potent estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 9.4 nM. Fulvestrant is also a GPR30 agonist. Fulvestrant effectively inhibits the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.29 nM. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and has antitumor efficacy.

Famotidine solution is mainly composed of Famotidine (HY-B0377). Famotidine (MK-208) is an orally active and highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. It inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking the Gs signaling pathway, and regulates intracellular cAMP and ERK pathways. Famotidine inhibits TLR3-mediated inflammatory pathways, and reduces the expression of various inflammatory mediators and interferon-related genes. Famotidine scavenges DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals, alleviates oxidative stress damage in gastric tissue, inhibits proMMP-9, improves vascular endothelial permeability, and restores the normal physiological functions of neutrophils and eosinophils. Famotidine crosses intestinal epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion and passive diffusion, blocks paracellular cation transport, and increases intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance. Famotidine reduces serum levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, exerts analgesic effects and gastric protective effects simultaneously. Famotidine can be used in studies related to COVID-19, liver injury and acute gastric ulcer.

Metronidazole solution is mainly composed of Metronidazole (HY-B0318). Metronidazole is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic. Metronidazole can cross blood brain barrier. Metronidazole can be used for the research of anaerobic infections.

BDDE-crosslinked sodium hyaluronate solution is mainly composed of BDDE (1,4‑butanediol diglycidyl ether). Its molecular weight and viscoelasticity are similar to those of normal joint synovial fluid. It can be used as a temporary substitute and supplement for joint fluid, alleviating pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis and improving the function of the knee joint.

Thioctic acid solution is mainly composed of Thioctic Acid (HY-N0492). α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1.

Flurbiprofen axetil solution is mainly composed of Flurbiprofen axetil (HY-101481). Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Olprinone hydrochloride solution is mainly composed of Olprinone hydrochloride hydrate (HY-14254B). Olprinone hydrochloride hydrate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 150, 100, 0.35 and 14 μM for PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE4, respectively. Olprinone hydrochloride hydrate has anti-inflammatory activity, and is used for the research of heart failure due to its positive inotropic and vasodilative effects. Anti-inflammatory activity