Osteoarthritis

Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect.

Cortisone (17-Hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone), an oxidized metabolite of Cortisol (a Glucocorticoid). Cortisone acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone can partially intervene in binding of Glucocorticoid to Glucocorticoid-receptor at high concentrations.

Sodium thiosulfate (Sodium hyposulfite) is an antioxidant. Sodium thiosulfate inhibits the expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins, reduces IL-1β, COX-2, and Iba-1, and inhibits NFκB activation. Sodium thiosulfate promotes angiogenesis, inhibits inflammation, and improves acute lung injury. Sodium thiosulfate also exhibits anti-cancer activity against melanoma. Sodium thiosulfate also exerts renal protective effects. Sodium thiosulfate can be used in the research of osteoarthritis, brain inflammation, cancer (such as breast cancer, melanoma), and kidney disease.

Galcanezumab (LY 2951742) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against the CGRP ligand. Galcanezumab can be used for migraine or cluster headaches research.

Bedinvetmab (ZTS-00508841) is a canine monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting nerve growth factor (NGF). Bedinvetmab inhibits NGF interaction with tropomyosin receptor kinase A (trkA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) receptors. Bedinvetmab can be used for the research of osteoarthritis pain in dogs.

GPLGVRGC is a cysteine-tagged variant of GPLGVRG (HY-P11800). GPLGVRGC is hydrolyzable by MMP13. GPLGVRGC mediates the disassembly of micelle-exosome systems, enhances chondrocyte endocytosis, and promotes responsive system uptake. GPLGVRGC confers targeted delivery and responsive release properties to micelle-exosome systems. GPLGVRGC is applicable to the research of osteoarthritis.

TTAMRA-FP is an activity-based probe for serine hydrolases (Serine Hydrolase) that irreversibly and covalently labels the active-site serine of catalytically active serine hydrolases. TTAMRA-FP can be used for activity-based protein profiling of serine hydrolases and related studies on the activity of osteoarthritis-associated proteases.

L-Glutamine GMP is L-Glutamine (HY-N0390) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na⁺-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.

Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2 activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease.

WYRGRL is a selective, high-affinity collagen type II-binding peptide with a IC₅₀ of 140 nM. Collagen type II is the most abundant and specific structural protein in the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage. WYRGRL can precisely target small-molecule compounds such as Dexamethasone (HY-14648) and nanocarrier-engineered exosomes to cartilage, significantly enhancing their therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis.

Polyether F127 Diacrylate (F127DA) is an acrylated polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer. Polyether F127 Diacrylate rapidly crosslinks and cures into a gel under ultraviolet or visible light with the action of a photoinitiator. Polyether F127 Diacrylate exhibits excellent thermogelation properties and favorable biosafety. Polyether F127 Diacrylate can upregulate the Integrin-FAK pathway, enhance collagen production, increase the protein and gene expression levels of COL-1/SCX, and promote fibroblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Polyether F127 Diacrylate promotes periodontal ligament regeneration and reduces abnormal healing in a rat model of delayed replanted teeth. Polyether F127 Diacrylate promotes functional osteochondral regeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Polyether F127 Diacrylate supports adipose tissue survival, rendering it suitable for breast reconstruction applications. Polyether F127 Diacrylate can be used in studies related to periodontal ligament injury, breast defect and osteoarthritis.

Chondroitin sulfate (Chondroitin polysulfate) sodium (from bovine)) is a sulfated linear polysaccharide extracted from bovine sources, belonging to glycosaminoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate sodium (from bovine) inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and exhibits antioxidant activity, which is negatively correlated with molecular weight. Chondroitin sulfate sodium (from bovine) can be used in studies related to osteoarthritis.

Zomepirac sodium salt (McN-2783-21-98) is an orally active prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Zomepirac sodium salt blocks prostaglandin synthesis and inhibits Collagen (HY-P72147)- or Epinephrine (HY-B0447)-induced platelet aggregation. Zomepirac sodium salt can be used for the research of postoperative pain and osteoarthritis.

Hyaluronic acid sodium (MW 200-1560) is a biopolymer composed of repeating disaccharide units, with a molecular weight of 200-1560. Hyaluronic acid sodium is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is synthesized on the plasma membrane. Hyaluronic acid sodium exerts its effects by binding to receptors CD44 and RHAMM. Hyaluronic acid sodium activates PI3K-Akt signaling. Hyaluronic acid sodium also enhances cell invasion and angiogenesis by promoting or stimulating the binding of proteolytic MMP-9 to the cell surface. Elevated hyaluronic acid levels are associated with tumor cell growth, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in digestive system cancers. Hyaluronic acid sodium is involved in tissue remodeling and rapid cell proliferation in several physiological processes, including embryonic morphogenesis and wound healing. Hyaluronic acid sodium can be used as a regulator of cancer-associated lymphangiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid sodium can be used as a drug delivery carrier for sodium butyrate, enhancing its anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines. Hyaluronic acid sodium can lubricate the corneal endothelium. Hyaluronic acid sodium can improve tissue hydration and enhance the resistance of cells to mechanical damage. Hyaluronic acid sodium has been conjugated with antibodies to ensure that the active compound continues to exert its effects at the site of inflammation. Hyaluronic acid sodium can be used in research in the fields of osteoarthritis, ophthalmology, cosmetic dermatology, oncology, and liver diseases.

Chondroitin sulfate (from pig) (Chondroitin polysulfate (from pig)) is a sulfated linear polysaccharide extracted from pigs, which belongs to glycosaminoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate (from pig) exerts inconsistent inhibitory effects on the resorptive activity of human osteoclasts. Chondroitin sulfate (from pig) can be used in studies related to osteoarthritis.

Matriptase-IN-2 is a secondary amide inhibitor of matriptase derived from sulfonylated 3-amidinophenylalanine, with a K_i value of 5 nM. Matriptase acts as a novel initiator of cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis, and Matriptase-IN-2 inhibits matriptase-mediated cartilage degradation. Matriptase-IN-2 is applicable for the research of osteoarthritis.

Chondroitin sulfate (from chicken) (Chondroitin polysulfate (from chicken)) is an orally active, sulfated linear polysaccharide extracted from chickens, which belongs to glycosaminoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate (from chicken) reduces the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK, inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMP, and downregulates the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE₂. Chondroitin sulfate (from chicken) improves motor function, protects cartilage tissue, reverses chondrocyte aggregation, and regulates the structure of intestinal flora. Chondroitin sulfate (from chicken) can be used in research related to osteoarthritis.

DSPE-PEG2000-WYRGRL is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a cartilage-targeting peptide (WYRGRL). WYRGRL is a collagen II-targeting peptide that can bind to collagen II α1. DSPE-PEG2000-WYRGRL can be used for drug delivery.

Izenivetmab (ZTS-00075623) is an anti-NGFB IgG2κ monoclonal antibody. Izenivetmab shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by targeting anti-nerve growth factor (NGF). Izenivetmab can be used for the research of osteoarthritis.