Cat. No.: HY-N0733

Glucosamine hydrochloride

(Synonyms: D-(+)-Glucosamine hydrochloride; Chitosamine hydrochloride)

12 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 12 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.0%
CAS No.: 66-84-2
Formula: C₆H₁₄ClNO₅
Molecular Weight:215.63

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Glucosamine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 66-84-2

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (12)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

All HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Isoforms :

In Vitro

Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) exhibits dose-dependent DPPH antioxidant activity^[2].
Glucosamine hydrochloride treatment of Short-term (4 h) inhibits HIF-1α at the protein level, decreases phosphorylation of p70S6K and S6, translation-related proteins^[3].
Glucosamine hydrochloride significantly decreases renal expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and fibronectin in the obstructed kidneys and TGF-β1-treated renal cells^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 66-84-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 215.63
Formula C₆H₁₄ClNO₅
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C[C@H](N)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O.Cl
Synonyms

D-(+)-Glucosamine hydrochloride; Chitosamine hydrochloride
Structure Classification
- Saccharides
Initial Source
- Animals
- Microorganisms
- Endogenous metabolite
crustaceans and other arthropods, fungi
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (12)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayBio/Physico-chemical AssayWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Mil Med Res

Accelerating cartilage regeneration with DNA-SF hydrogel sustained release system-based cartilage organoids. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 28;12(1):39. PMID: 40722047
Theranostics

Endogenous glutamate determines ferroptosis sensitivity via ADCY10-dependent YAP suppression in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 24;11(12):5650-5674. PMID: 33897873

Glucosamine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2021 Mar 24;11(12):5650-5674. [Abstract]

LUAD cells were treated with erastin with or without Fer-1 or DFO, in the presence or absence of GlcN (5 mM). Cell death was measured after treatment for 24 h.

Glucosamine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2021 Mar 24;11(12):5650-5674. [Abstract]

LUAD cells were treated with erastin with or without Fer-1 or DFO, in the presence or absence of GlcN (5 mM). MDA was measured after treatment for 16 h.

Glucosamine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2021 Mar 24;11(12):5650-5674. [Abstract]

Metabolites downstream of GFPT1 restore YAP alteration by erastin. p-YAP^S127, O-YAP^T241 and YAP were measured by IB in H1975 cells treated with or without erastin, glucose, GlcN (5 mM) or GlcNAc for 8 h.
Microbiome

Species-specific enhancement of enterohemorrhagic E. coli pathogenesis mediated by microbiome metabolites. [Abstract]

2019 Mar 20;7(1):43. PMID: 30890187
Cell Rep

The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway drives tumor immune evasion via translational control of PD-L1 at the elongation level. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 10;44(9):116249. PMID: 40938752
Int Immunopharmacol

Enhancing GFPT1 expression with glutamine protects chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 18;143(Pt 2):113427. PMID: 39426230
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol

Characterization of genipin-crosslinked gelatin/PVA hydrogels and the chondroprotective influence of hydroxytyrosol: an In vitro study. [Abstract]

2026 Dec;54(1):248-275. PMID: 42331338
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol

Glucose metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis via promoting N-linked protein glycosylation. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 1;328(6):G746-G759. PMID: 40331866
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes

Establishment and Evaluation of HepG2 Cell Insulin Resistance Model. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29:18:2573-2584. PMID: 40755745
Biocell

2025 Sep 25;49(9):1711-1731.
bioRxiv

2026 Jan 26.
Laurea Magistrale in Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano

2019 Jun.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (463.76 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (231.88 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.6376 mL

23.1879 mL

46.3757 mL

5 mM

0.9275 mL

4.6376 mL

9.2751 mL

10 mM

0.4638 mL

2.3188 mL

4.6376 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.59 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.59 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.59 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (463.76 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (274 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Bruyère O, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate in the management of osteoarthritis: Evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Feb;45(4 Suppl):S12-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jamialahmadi K, et al. Protective effects of glucosamine hydrochloride against free radical-induced erythrocytes damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;38(1):212-9. [Content Brief]

[3]. Jo JR, et al. Short-term treatment with glucosamine hydrochloride specifically downregulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α at the protein level in YD-8 human tongue cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2014 May;44(5):1699-706. [Content Brief]

[4]. Park J, et al. Glucosamine hydrochloride exerts a protective effect against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by attenuating TGF-β signaling. J Mol Med (Berl). 2013 Nov;91(11):1273-84. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.6376 mL	23.1879 mL	46.3757 mL	115.9393 mL
	5 mM	0.9275 mL	4.6376 mL	9.2751 mL	23.1879 mL
	10 mM	0.4638 mL	2.3188 mL	4.6376 mL	11.5939 mL
	15 mM	0.3092 mL	1.5459 mL	3.0917 mL	7.7293 mL
	20 mM	0.2319 mL	1.1594 mL	2.3188 mL	5.7970 mL
	25 mM	0.1855 mL	0.9275 mL	1.8550 mL	4.6376 mL
	30 mM	0.1546 mL	0.7729 mL	1.5459 mL	3.8646 mL
	40 mM	0.1159 mL	0.5797 mL	1.1594 mL	2.8985 mL
	50 mM	0.0928 mL	0.4638 mL	0.9275 mL	2.3188 mL
	60 mM	0.0773 mL	0.3865 mL	0.7729 mL	1.9323 mL
	80 mM	0.0580 mL	0.2898 mL	0.5797 mL	1.4492 mL
	100 mM	0.0464 mL	0.2319 mL	0.4638 mL	1.1594 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Glucosamine hydrochloride

12 Cited Publications

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Glucosamine hydrochloride

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Glucosamine hydrochloride

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

All HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (12)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Glucosamine hydrochloride Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N0733