2. Recombinant Proteins
  3. Cytokines and Growth Factors Receptor Proteins Enzymes & Regulators
  4. EGF Superfamily Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Protein Tyrosine Kinases
  5. EGFR/ErbB family

EGFR/ErbB family

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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family consists of four closely-related receptor tyrosine kinases: ErbB-1 (HER1 or EGFR), ErbB-2 (HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3), and ErbB-4 (HER4), all of which are crucial not only for the determination of several epithelial, glial, muscle, and neuronal lineages, but they are also key players in pathological processes, such as malignant transformation. These transmembrane receptors are composed of an extracellular ligand-binding domain and a cytoplasmic region with enzymatic activity. The ligands bind to the extracellular domain of ErbB receptors, inducing formation of homo- and heterodimers, followed by autophosphorylation of the receptors and transphosphorylation of multiple downstream targets. The phosphorylated signaling proteins stimulate the activation of many signaling pathways, including the Ras-Raf-Mek-ERK, PI3K-Akt-Tor, PLC-γ1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and Src pathways. The EGF family binds ErbB receptors, and on the basis of their receptor specificity, they are divided into three groups. 1) EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, amphiregulin (AR) and epigen (EPG), which bind specifically to EGFR. 2) beta-cellulin (BTC), heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) and epiregulin (EPR), which exhibit dual specificity, binding both EGFR and ErbB4. 3) the neuregulins (NRGs), forms two subgroups, depending on whether they bind ErbB3 and ErbB4 (NRG-1 and NRG-2) or only ErbB4 (NRG-3 and NRG-4).

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