KIR2DS1

KIR2DS1 is an activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor that recognizes HLA-C molecules of the C2 group (allotypes bearing lysine at position 80, such as HLA-C*02, *04, *05, *06, *15). KIR2DS1 is a two-domain type I transmembrane protein with a short cytoplasmic tail lacking ITIMs; its charged lysine residue in the transmembrane region associates with the adaptor DAP12, which carries ITAMs and signals through SYK/ZAP70 to activate NK-cell cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production. Because the activating affinity of KIR2DS1 for C2-HLA-C is weaker than that of the inhibitory KIR2DL1, KIR2DS1 function is licensed by the NK-cell education process. KIR2DS1 is a hallmark of the KIR B haplotype and is strongly linked to outcomes of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: donor KIR2DS1 with C2-positive acute myeloid leukemia reduces relapse through graft-versus-leukemia effects. Conversely, maternal KIR2DS1 combined with fetal C2 is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, and KIR2DS1 is enriched in associations with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.