NKG2C/CD159c

NKG2C (CD159c), encoded by KLRC2, is the activating counterpart of NKG2A within the CD94 co-receptor system. Pairing with CD94, the CD94/NKG2C heterodimer recognizes HLA-E, and because NKG2C lacks an ITIM and instead carries a charged transmembrane lysine that recruits the DAP12 adaptor, engagement delivers activating signals. Following human cytomegalovirus infection, NK cells carrying NKG2C undergo adaptive-like clonal expansion and persist as long-lived memory NK cells, a phenomenon shaped by HLA-E genetics and DAP12 variants. This adaptive NK compartment is studied in viral immunity and is being harnessed in NK cell-based immunotherapy approaches.