Pam2CSK4 TFA 

Pam2CSK4 TFA is a TLR2 agonist. Pam2CSK4 TFA induces the expression of iNOS and NO in macrophage cell lines via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules. Pam2CSK4 TFA activates the NF-κB and Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in platelets, and promotes platelet-endothelial cell interactions. TLR2 activation triggered by Pam2CSK4 TFA expands myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Pam2CSK4 TFA acts as a Th2-polarizing adjuvant in mouse vaccine models against Leishmania major and Brugia malayi. Pam2CSK4 TFA can be used in the research of various diseases, including thromboinflammatory diseases, sepsis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, influenza, lymphoma, melanoma, cutaneous leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Pam2CSK4 (100 ng/mL; 6-24 h) TFA induces TLR2-mediated iNOS expression in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, and this production depends on TBK1 and MyD88^[1].
Pam2CSK4 (100 ng/mL; 6-24 h) TFA induces significant TLR2-mediated NO production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages, and this production is dependent on TBK1 and MyD88^[1].
Pam2CSK4 (1-10 μg/mL; 25 min at 37°C) TFA induces concentration-dependent α-granule secretion and integrin α_IIbβ₃ activation in washed human platelets and platelets in citrated human whole blood^[2].
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg/mL; 6-45 min at 37°C) TFA induces donor-dependent aggregation of washed human platelets under stirring conditions and enhances the adhesion of washed human platelets to collagen-coated surfaces^[2].
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg/mL; 2-10 min at 37°C) TFA activates multiple signaling pathways in washed human platelets, including the Akt, PKC, NF-κB and MAPK (p38) pathways^[2].
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg/mL) TFA induces dense granule secretion (ATP release) in washed human platelets, and this response depends on the TLR2, NF-κB and BTK signaling pathways^[2].
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg/mL; 4 h at 37°C) TFA enhances the inflammatory response of HUVECs (characterized by upregulated ICAM-1 expression, increased IL-6 secretion and increased IL-8 secretion)^[2] only when co-cultured with washed human platelets.
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg/mL; 10 min at 37°C platelet pre-incubation, 10 min co-culture) TFA enhances the adhesion of washed human platelets to untreated and TNF-α-stimulated HUVEC monolayers under static and physiologically relevant flow conditions^[2].
Pam2CSK4 TFA is a potent dual TLR2 agonist for both human and murine sources. It induces NF-κB activity with an EC₅₀ of 67 pM, and can stimulate the production of various cytokines and chemokines^[3].
Pam2CSK4 (100 nM; 3 days) TFA treatment of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from EG7 tumor-bearing mice dose-dependently inhibited antigen-induced OT-IT cell proliferation^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Pam2CSK4 (50 nmol; i.v.; single dose) TFA induces systemic TLR2-dependent accumulation of immunosuppressive CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ MDSCs and enhances MDSC survival in EG7 tumor-bearing mice^[4].
Pam2CSK4 (50 nmol; i.v.; single dose) TFA induces accumulation of CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ MDSCs in spleens of B16D8 melanoma-bearing mice^[4].
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg; s.c.; two doses, 2 weeks apart) TFA as an adjuvant with ALM exacerbates cutaneous leishmaniasis disease severity in female C57BL/6 mice and drives a predominantly Th2-type immune response characterized by elevated antigen-specific IgG1 levels^[6].
Pam2CSK4 (10 μg; s.c.; single dose) TFA as an adjuvant with BmMfE induces significant protective immunity against B. malayi L3 challenge in male BALB/c mice, reducing parasite burden by 41% and driving robust Th2 cytokine production and antigen-specific antibody responses^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

1271.82 (free base)

C₆₅H₁₂₆N₁₀O₁₂S.xC₂HF₃O₂

Solid

White to off-white

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

• [1]. Kulsantiwong P, et al. Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4 induce iNOS expression via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Inflamm Res. 2017 Oct;66(10):843-853.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Parra-Izquierdo I, et al. The Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligand Pam2CSK4 Activates Platelet Nuclear Factor-κB and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Signaling to Promote Platelet-Endothelial Cell Interactions. Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 30;12:729951.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Kaur A, et al. An efficient and scalable synthesis of potent TLR2 agonistic PAM2CSK4. RSC Adv. 2018 Mar 5;8(18):9587-9596.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Maruyama A, et al. Pam2 lipopeptides systemically increase myeloid-derived suppressor cells through TLR2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;457(3):445-450.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Shukla NM, et al. Recent Advances and Perspectives in Small-molecule TLR Ligands and Their Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2018;9(12):1156-1159. Published 2018 Dec 3.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Halliday A, et al. The TLR2/6 ligand Pam2CSK4 TFA is a Th2 polarizing adjuvant in Leishmania major and Brugia malayi murine vaccine models. Parasit Vectors. 2016 Feb 20;9:96.  [Content Brief]