Lung Adenocarcinoma

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy agent by cross-linking with DNA and causing DNA damage in cancer cells. Cisplatin activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.

Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific blood-brain barrier-transmissible mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin is a molecular glue that binds FKBP12 and mTOR proteins together, thereby inhibiting mTOR kinase activity. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant.

Palbociclib (PD 0332991) is an orally active selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 11 and 16 nM, respectively. Palbociclib has potent anti-proliferative activity and induces cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, which can be used in the research of HR-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC₅₀s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis, cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), used in research related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Cetuximab (C225) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with a K_d of 0.201 nM for EGFR by SPR. Cetuximab has potent antitumor activity.

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a potent, selective and orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 33 nM. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGF-stimulated tumor cell growth (IC₅₀ of 54 nM) and that blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells. Gefitinib also induces autophagy and cell apoptosis, which can be used for cancer related research, such as Lung cancer and breast cancer .

Palbociclib (PD 0332991) hydrochloride is an orally active selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 11 and 16 nM, respectively. Palbociclib hydrochloride has potent anti-proliferative activity and induces cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Palbociclib hydrochloride can be used in the research of HR-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic activity, a immunosuppressant.

Docetaxel (RP-56976) is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.2 μM. Docetaxel attenuates the effects of bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression. Docetaxel arrests the cell cycle at G2/M and leads to cell apoptosis. Docetaxel has anti-cancer activity.

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent.. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor. Acetaminophen induces ferroptosis and leads to acute liver injury in mice model.

Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) is a humanized IgG4 antibody inhibiting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor, used in cancer immunotherapy.

Erlotinib (CP-358774) is a selective, orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Erlotinib also acts as a substrate and inhibitor of OATP2B1, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 0.079 μM for inhibiting OATP2B1-mediated uptake of estrone 3-sulfate. Erlotinib blocks EGFR phosphorylation, downstream signal transduction, as well as the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Erlotinib inhibits MMP-10-mediated renal injury, fibrotic lesions, the ERK1/2, GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways, fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen deposition, and renal injury markers. Erlotinib is metabolized via CYP3A to produce the active metabolite OSI-420. Erlotinib can be used in research related to non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, renal fibrosis, and other conditions.

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Nivolumab is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blocking human IgG4 antibody to treat advanced (metastatic) non-small cell lung cancer.

Binimetinib (MEK162) is an oral and selective MEK1/2 inhibitor. Binimetinib (MEK162) inhibits MEK with an IC₅₀ of 12 nM.

Ifinatamab deruxtecan (DS-7300a) is a B7-H3-targeting Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), which is composed of a humanized anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody, an enzymatically cleavable peptide-based linker, and Exatecan derivative (DXd) (HY-13631D). Ifinatamab deruxtecan is a DNA Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Ifinatamab deruxtecan induces Apoptosis. DS-7300a exerts potent antitumor activities against B7-H3-expressing tumors. against rhabdomyosarcoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Ifinatamab deruxtecan does not exert direct immunomodulatory effects

Vinorelbine (ditartrate) is an anti-mitotic agent which inhibits the proliferation of Hela cells with IC₅₀ of 1.25 nM.

Palbociclib (PD 0332991) isethionate is an orally active selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 11 and 16 nM, respectively. Palbociclib isethionate has potent anti-proliferative activity and induces cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, which can be used in the research of HR-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody IgG1κ that blocks the inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on T cells. Ipilimumab can be used in unresectable or metastatic melanoma (MM) studies.