2. Epigenetics PI3K/Akt/mTOR Autophagy
  3. AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy
  4. Metformin

Metformin  (Synonyms: 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide)

Cat. No.: HY-B0627 Purity: 99.98%
COA Handling Instructions

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin can cross the blood-brain barrier and triggers autophagy.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Metformin Chemical Structure

Metformin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 657-24-9

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 55 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 112 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Metformin:

Metformin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

99 Publications Citing Use of MCE Metformin

WB
IHC
Cell Viability Assay

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2023 Jun 15, 102786.

    Metformin hydrochloride (Metformin; 2, 6, 20 mM; 30 min) attenuates MGO-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in ARPE-19 cells.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2023 Jun 15, 102786.

    Metformin hydrochloride (Met; 3, 6 mM; 30 min) inhibits MGO-induced the increased expression of Bax and caspase-3 cleavage and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in ARPE-19 cells.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Endocrinology. 2018 May 1;159(5):2008-2021.  [Abstract]

    Male C57BL/6 mice are intragastrically treated with Metformin or placebo at 3 mg/kg/day for 10 weeks in the presence of HFD after 10-week-HFD feeding and then sacrificed for sample collection. Western blot analysis of AMPKα1, AMPK, p-AMPK, SREBP1 and FAS.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2017 Jul;16(7):1324-1334.  [Abstract]

    To further validate the MS quantification results, Western blot analysis is carried out using an anti-H3K36 dimethylation antibody. Consistent with the mass spectrometric data, H3K36 dimethylation was elevated in DIO mouse livers, whereas Metformin treatment can significantly decrease histone H3K36 dimethylation in DIO mice to a level close to that of the chow-fed control mice.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Oncol. 2017 Aug;11(8):1035-1049.  [Abstract]

    Co-treatment of Metformin and Ribociclib induces cell death in Hep3B cells. Cells are exposed to Ribociclib at 25 μM and/or Metformin at 10 mM for 72 h.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Oncol. 2017 Oct;11(10):1475-1492.  [Abstract]

    (A) IHC staining of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in the pancreas from KPC mice treated with vehicle, Metformin, or KRIBB11. (B) Masson's trichrome staining and IHC staining of α-SMA in pancreatic tissues from mice treated with vehicle, Metformin, or KRIBB11.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Oncol. 2017 Oct;11(10):1475-1492.  [Abstract]

    MiaPaCa-2 cells are treated with a gradient concentration of Metformin for 24 h, and then, western blotting is performed to show the activation of p-AMPK and the suppression of HSF1 and HSP70.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 Aug 15;138:49-60.  [Abstract]

    PP5 overexpression suppresses AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation induced by AMPK activators, AICAR and metformin. Hep3B cells are transfected with indicated plasmids and treated with AICAR (2 mM; 3 h) or Metformin (3 mM; 16 h) to simulate AMPK phosphorylation.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Mol Med. 2017 Dec;21(12):3322-3336.  [Abstract]

    Metformin prevents the loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins after SCI. Representative Western blots and quantification data of Occludin, Claudin-5, ZO-1 and β-actin at 3 day after injury.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Jul;54(5):3327-3341.  [Abstract]

    Met attenuates apoptosis caused by traumatic spinal cord injury in rat. a, b Representative western blots and quantification data of cleaved caspase 3 and β-actin in each group rats. c, d Representative western blots and quantification data of Bax, Bcl-2, and β-actin in each group rats.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;44(4):1381-1395.  [Abstract]

    U87 cells are treated with Met alone or in the presence of isogambogenic acid for 24 h. The expression levels of phosphorylated AMPK, mTOR and 4E-BP1 are assessed by western blotting, with total AMPK, mTOR and 4E-BP1 used as the internal controls.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Immunol. 2016 Dec 12;7:597.  [Abstract]

    Metformin increases adenosine triphosphate-induced inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. (A) Cells are treated. Indicated protein levels in both cell lysates and supernatants are evaluated by western blotting. β-Tubulin is used as a loading control for cell lysates. (B–D) The quantitative analyses of the active caspase-1p10 (B), mature interleukin-1β (C), and HMGB1 (D) levels in the supernatants (A) are shown.

    Metformin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2016 Oct 20;7:390.  [Abstract]

    Metformin, an AMPK agonist, counteracts the effect of Piperine on suppressing ATP-induced AMPK activation and inflammatory mediator release. J774A.1 cells are pre-treated with 80 μM Piperine and BMDMs are pre-treated with 160 μM Piperine for 4 h. Without being washed out of Piperine, these cells are primed with LPS (500 ng/mL) for 4 h. Next, the cells are treated with Metformin (1 mM) for 1 h (in the absence of Piperine and LPS). Finally, in the presence of Metformin, the BMDMs are stimulated wi

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    Description

    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin can cross the blood-brain barrier and triggers autophagy[1].

    IC50 & Target[1]

    AMPK

     

    In Vitro

    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits proliferation of ESCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 is 2.45 mM for A-ESCs and 7.87 mM for N-ESCs. Metformin shows pronounced effects on activation of AMPK signaling in A-ESCs from secretory phase than in cells from proliferative phase[3].
    Metformin (0-500 μM) decreases glycogen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 196.5 μM in cultured rat hepatocytes[4].
    Metformin shows cell viability and cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cells with IC50 of 5 mM[5].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Metformin Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide; 100 mg/kg, p.o.) alone, and metformin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) with isoproterenol groups attenuates myocyte necrosis through histopathological analysis[1].
    Metformin (> 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.) results in moribundity/mortality and clinical signs of toxicity in Crl:CD(SD) rats[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    129.16

    Appearance

    Solid

    Formula

    C4H11N5
    CAS No.
    SMILES

    NC(NC(N(C)C)=N)=N
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    -20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 50 mg/mL (387.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    DMSO : 25 mg/mL (193.56 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 7.7423 mL 38.7117 mL 77.4233 mL
    5 mM 1.5485 mL 7.7423 mL 15.4847 mL
    10 mM 0.7742 mL 3.8712 mL 7.7423 mL
    *Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent.
    In Vivo:
    • 1.

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 100 mg/mL (774.23 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    • 2.

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (16.10 mM); Clear solution

    • 3.

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (16.10 mM); Clear solution

    *All of the co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.98%

    COA (243 KB) HNMR (142 KB) RP-HPLC (172 KB) LCMS (110 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
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    Metformin Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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    Keywords:

    Metformin657-24-91,1-DimethylbiguanideAMPKAutophagyMitophagyAMP-activated protein kinaseMitochondrial Autophagymitochondrialrespiratorychainliverinsulinsensitivitytype2diabetesblood-brainbarrierInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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