657-24-9
657-24-9
Chemical Structure
Metformin
Synonym(s): 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide
- CAS No.: 657-24-9
- Formula:C4H11N5
- Molecular Weight:129.17
InChIKey: XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: NC(NC(N(C)C)=N)=N
Biological Activity: Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Purity | Description | Pricing | |||||||||||||||||||
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Metformin | 99.96% | Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Metformin-d6 | 98.16% | Metformin-d6 (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Biguanide | 98.07% | Biguanide is an orally active antihyperglycemic agent. Biguanide inhibits mitochondrial ATP production, activates the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, and damages the energy homeostasis. Biguanide enhances insulin-receptor activation and downstream signaling. Biguanide exhibits potential in ameliorating the type 2 diabetes and the insulin-associated cancers. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Metformin hydrochloride | 99.98% | Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Metformin impurity 1 | Metformin impurity 1 is an impurity of Metformin (HY-B0627). | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Metformin (glycinate) | Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) glycinate inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin glycinate exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin glycinate also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin glycinate regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Buformin | Buformin (1-Butylbiguanide), a potent AMPK activator, acts as an orally active biguanide antidiabetic agent. Buformin decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and lowers blood glucose production in vivo. Buformin also has anti-cancer activities and is applied in cancer study (such as, cervical cancer and breast cancer, et al). | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Buformin hydrochloride | 99.78% | Buformin hydrochloride (1-Butylbiguanide hydrochloride), a potent AMPK activator, acts as an orally active biguanide antidiabetic agent. Buformin hydrochloride decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and lowers blood glucose production in vivo. Buformin hydrochloride also has anti-cancer activities and is applied in cancer study (such as, cervical cancer and breast cancer, et al). | ||||||||||||||||||||
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1-Methylguanidine monohydrochloride | 98.0% | 1-Methylguanidine hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Guanylthiourea (Standard) | ≥98% | Guanylthiourea (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guanylthiourea. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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N,N-Dimethylamidino Urea | 98.78% | N,N-Dimethylamidino Urea (N-Carbonylguanidine) is an intermediate in the electrochemical oxidation of Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. N,N-Dimethylamidino Urea can be used as a marker to study the metabolic pathway of metformin in vivo. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Metformin impurity 11 | Metformin impurity 11 (Metformin impurity E) is an impurity of Metformin. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- [1]. Soraya H, et al. Acute treatment with metformin improves cardiac function following isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2012;64(6):1476-84. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Quaile MP, et al. Toxicity and toxicokinetics of metformin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 15;243(3):340-7. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Xue J, et al. Metformin inhibits growth of eutopic stromal cells from adenomyotic endometrium via AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation: a possible role in the treatment of adenomyosis. Reproduction. 2013 Aug 21;146(4):397-406. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Otto M, et al. Metformin inhibits glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2003 May;5(3):189-94. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Avci CB, et al. Therapeutic potential of an anti-diabetic drug, metformin: alteration of miRNA expression in prostate cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(2):765-8. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Abdel-Zaher AO, et al. Novel mechanistic insights of the potential role of gasotransmitters and autophagy in the protective effect of metformin against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Feb 6. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Liu J, et al. Metformin inhibits renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo xenograft. Urol Oncol. 2013 Feb;31(2):264-70. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Lin HY, et al. Low-dose metformin requires brain Rap1 for its antidiabetic action. Sci Adv. 2025 Aug;11(31):eadu3700. [Content Brief]
