Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis is an IgE-mediated inflammatory response of the conjunctiva triggered by exposure to airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold spores. It is part of a systemic atopic reaction and commonly occurs alongside allergic rhinitis, known as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, tearing, burning sensations, and mucous discharge in the eyes, often accompanied by systemic signs like sneezing and runny nose. The condition can be seasonal, caused by pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds, or perennial, due to year-round allergens like dust mites and pet dander. Contact allergic conjunctivitis results from direct eye exposure to irritants. Management focuses on allergen avoidance, use of antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer eye drops, and in severe cases, systemic antihistamines or corticosteroids.
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