Hypercalcemia

Secalciferol ((24R)-24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3) is the major active metabolite of Vitamin D. Secalciferol activates vitamin D receptor (VDR) with an EC₅₀ value of 150 nM. Secalciferol is involved in a wide range of biological functions such as calcium homeostasis, cellular differentiation and proliferation processes, as well as other functions related to the immune system, which is promising for research of rickets, osteomalacia, hypercalcemia and autoimmune disorders.

PTH (1-34) amide human is a type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor agonist. PTH (1-34) amide human activates adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C pathways, thereby mediating mineral ion homeostasis and bone metabolism regulation. PTH (1-34) amide human increases serum calcium, decreases serum phosphorus, regulates renal excretion, while inducing the inhibition of endogenous PTH (1-84) and the increase of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and bone resorption. PTH (1-34) amide human stimulates phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis via phospholipase D mediation, and its hypercalcemic effect is inhibited by human PTH-(7-84). PTH (1-34) amide human can be used in the research of diseases related to humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Alisol B is a triterpene with diverse biological activities. Alisol B binds human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) with a K_i of 5.97 μM and reduces sEH activity. Alisol B inhibits RANKL-induced JNK phosphorylation, NFATc1 and c-Fos expression, osteoclast formation, mature osteoclast pit-forming and actin ring activity, and SERCA pump activity. Alisol B induces calcium mobilization, CaMKK-AMPK-mTOR pathway activation, autophagic flux, autophagosome formation, G₁ phase cell cycle arrest, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein responses, and cancer cell apoptosis. Alisol B can be used for the research of hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, acute kidney injury, and breast cancer.

pTH (1-84) dog is a biologically active full-length canine parathyroid hormone, as well as an agonist of PTHR. pTH (1-84) dog can be detected by the "intact" PTH (W-PTH) assay, thus effectively distinguishing inactive C-terminal fragments. In terms of metabolic regulation, it rapidly and persistently stimulates hepatic glucose release, hepatic alanine uptake, and alanine-based gluconeogenesis in conscious fasted dogs, and causes a secondary increase in circulating canine insulin levels due to enhanced glucose release. However, high doses of pTH (1-84) (dog) may induce adverse reactions such as hypercalcemia in dogs. Based on the above characteristics, this hormone can be widely used in studies related to canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC).

Tigapotide (PCK-3145) is a synthetic 15-mer peptide derived from prostate-secretory protein, and acts as an antineoplastic agent. Tigapotide inhibits tumor growth, experimental bone metastasis, and malignancy-associated hypocalcemia. Tigapotide induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and tumors, and suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells. Tigapotide inhibits the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in tumors and plasma. Tigapotide reduces plasma calcium levels in hypercalcemic tumor-bearing rats. Tigapotide is applicable for the research of prostate cancer and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.

Tigapotide TFA (PCK-3145 TFA) is a synthetic 15-mer peptide derived from prostate-secretory protein, and acts as an antineoplastic agent. Tigapotide TFA inhibits tumor growth, experimental bone metastasis, and malignancy-associated hypocalcemia. Tigapotide TFA induces Apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and tumors, and suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells. Tigapotide TFA inhibits the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in tumors and plasma. Tigapotide TFA reduces plasma calcium levels in hypercalcemic tumor-bearing rats. Tigapotide TFA is applicable for the research of prostate cancer and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.