Liver Failure

Acute liver failure is a rapidly progressive condition marked by severe hepatocyte loss in individuals without prior liver disease, triggered by diverse factors such as toxins, infections, malignancies, or drugs. Chronic liver failure represents the end stage of progressive chronic liver disease, characterized by extensive fibrosis and impaired liver function, leading to decompensated symptoms. Transient infantile liver failure results from mutations in the TRMU gene on chromosome 22q13, disrupting mitochondrial protein translation and causing mitochondrial dysfunction, manifesting as elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, vomiting, coagulopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated lactate. The condition typically resolves with supportive care and normal neurodevelopment, though more severe forms involve mitochondrial DNA depletion and resemble transient infantile mitochondrial myopathy.