Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a rare, chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles at the neuromuscular junction. It primarily affects voluntary muscles, including those controlling eye movements, facial expressions, swallowing, and limb movements, with symptoms typically worsening throughout the day and with activity. The condition results from autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors, disrupting neuromuscular transmission. While it most commonly presents with ocular symptoms, it can involve multiple muscle groups, including the face, neck, arms, and legs. Myasthenia gravis can occur at any age, with a higher prevalence in women under 40 and men over 60, and may be associated with thymic abnormalities such as thymoma. Triggers like stress, infections, or certain medications can exacerbate symptoms, potentially leading to a life-threatening myasthenic crisis requiring respiratory support.