Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function and potential progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The two main forms are autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), which is the most common type and typically manifests in adulthood, and autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD), a rarer and more severe form presenting in infancy or early childhood. ADPKD is further classified into types 1 and 2 based on the underlying genetic mutations. PKD causes a range of complications including hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria, flank pain, kidney stones, liver cysts, cardiovascular abnormalities, and an increased risk of intracranial aneurysms. While there is no cure, management focuses on controlling blood pressure, reducing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and monitoring for complications.