Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. This condition results from underactivity or damage to the parathyroid glands, commonly due to surgical removal, radiation exposure, autoimmune destruction, or genetic mutations. Clinical manifestations include muscle cramps, tetany, seizures, weakness, headaches, excessive nervousness, and in children, weakened tooth enamel. Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests showing low calcium and high phosphate levels, along with low PTH. Treatment primarily involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation, with recombinant human PTH available for refractory cases. Complications may include chronic kidney disease, cataracts, and neurological impairments if left untreated.