Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a malignancy that originates in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, and is primarily composed of adenocarcinomas arising from mucus-producing cells. It is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system and typically occurs after menopause. Key symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding—such as postmenopausal bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, or heavy, prolonged menstrual periods—as well as abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, or discomfort during intercourse or urination. Major risk factors include obesity, metabolic syndrome, early menarche, nulliparity, and a family history of the disease. While there is no guaranteed prevention method, maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise may reduce risk. Treatment options depend on the stage and subtype but commonly involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.