Platelet Disease

Efgartigimod alfa (ARGX-113) is a reversibility, humanized ^Fc receptor antagonist . Efgartigimod alfa is a anti FcRn monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG1) Fc fragment. Efgartigimod reduces serum levels of total IgG, including pathogenic autoantibodies, by blocking FcRn function without permanent impairment. Efgartigimod alfa can be used for generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) and primary immune thrombocytopenia research.

Taurolithocholic acid is an orally active bile acid and antiviral agent. Taurolithocholic acid upregulates FADS2 by activating the TGR5-PI3K/AKT-SREBP2 signaling axis, inhibits SFTSV-induced ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), viral replication and viral entry of HBV/HDV, while reducing the release of IL-1β, lipid ROS and LDH. While exerting antiviral protective effects, Taurolithocholic acid also stimulates the recycling of hepatocellular membrane transporters, impairs canalicular bile acid secretion function, and induces hepatocyte cholestasis, apoptosis and acute hepatocellular injury. Taurolithocholic acid serves as an experimental model compound for hepatocellular cholestasis. At concentrations ≤200 μM, Taurolithocholic acid shows no cytotoxicity and does not activate the interferon pathway. Taurolithocholic acid not only protects mice from lethal SFTSV infection but also is suitable for studies related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and cholestasis.

Romiplostim is an Fc-peptide fusion protein mimetic of TPO (thrombopoietin protein) and also a c-Mpl agonist. Romiplostim binds to c-Mpl, stimulates megakaryocyte-mediated thrombopoiesis, and activates the same downstream signaling pathways as endogenous TPO. Romiplostim is applicable to research related to hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome and chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

FRETS-VWF73, a 73-amino-acid peptide, is a fluorogenic substrate for ADAMTS13 assay (Ex = 340 nm; Em = 450 nm). FRETS-VWF73 is a predictive tool for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

KB-208 is a phagocytosis inhibitor. KB-208 inhibits phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized blood cells. KB-208 ameliorates thrombocytopenia in a mouse model of passive antibody-induced immune thrombocytopenia. KB-208 can be used for the research of immune thrombocytopenia.

INCA033989 is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting mutCALR (K_D = 1.75 nM for mutCALR^del52; K_D = 6.78 nM for mutCALR^ins5). INCA033989 antagonizes mutCALR-driven signaling and proliferation. INCA033989 selectively inhibits pSTAT3/pSTAT5. INCA033989 prevents thrombocytosis and reduces the expansion of mutCALR-positive cells. INCA033989 is useful for research on myeloproliferative neoplasms .

Pirprofen (SU 21524) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. pirprofen is a reversible prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Pirprofen inhibits leucocyte chemotaxis. Pirprofen shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, ulcerogenic activities. Pirprofen inhibits the secondary phase of platelet aggregation induced by Collagen and Arachidonic acid (HY-109590). Pirprofen induces hepatitis.

CFM 1571 is a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator with an IC₅₀ of ~5.5 μM. CFM 1571 activates sGC in a NO-independent manner and exerts a synergistic effect with NO. CFM 1571 inhibits platelet aggregation.

Lyn-IN-1 (Bafetinib analog) is a Lyn kinase inhibitor. Lyn-IN-1 inhibits Lyn kinase activity and effectively increases platelet count. Lyn-IN-1 is an analog of Bafetinib (HY-50868). Lyn-IN-1 can be used for the research of thrombocytopenia.

(E/Z)-Polydatin ((E/Z)-Piceid) is a mixture of the E/Z configurations of Polydatin (HY-N0120A). Polydatin can be isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts, red wine, hop pellets, cocoa-containing products and chocolate products. Polydatin exhibits multiple biological properties, such as anti-platelet aggregation, anti-low-density lipoprotein oxidation, cardioprotective activity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Polydatin shows favorable cytotoxic effects against various tumor cell lines, including cervical cancer cells, liver cancer cells, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Ristomycin sulfate is an antibacterial antibiotic and platelet aggregation inducer. Ristomycin sulfate interacts with the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of bacterial cell wall precursors to regulate bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ristomycin sulfate induces platelet aggregation in vitro and inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Ristomycin sulfate serves as an in vitro diagnostic compound for detecting von Willebrand factor activity. Ristomycin sulfate is applicable to research related to von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

Licoflavone C is a broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitor with estrogen-like properties. Licoflavone C binds to viral endonuclease (CEN) and inhibits the replication of various bunyaviruses including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in a non-substrate competitive manner. The IC₅₀ values of Licoflavone C against SFTSV CEN and SFTSV CEN are 35.5 μM and 135.8 μM, respectively, and its K_d value against SFTSV CEN is 9.53 μM. After viral entry into cells, Licoflavone C reduces viral loads in mouse tissues in a dose-dependent manner, and exhibits extremely low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Licoflavone C induces apoptosis by increasing caspase 3/7 activity, blocks the cell cycle, and alleviates chemotherapy-induced chromosomal damage. Licoflavone C is applicable to the research on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and related viral infection mechanisms.

Ristocetin A sulfate (Ristomycin III) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that binds to von Willebrand factor (VWF) and bacterial cell wall components. Ristocetin A sulfate interferes with the biosynthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan by inhibiting transpeptidation. As an inducer of platelet adhesion and aggregation, Ristocetin A sulfate drives conformational changes by binding to the A1 domain of VWF, thereby activating downstream signaling pathways and promoting cytoskeletal rearrangement. Ristocetin A sulfate not only enhances platelet adhesion and spreading on immobilized VWF, but also induces the formation of asymmetric dimers with anticooperativity between platelets and plasma VWF. Ristocetin A sulfate is widely used in studies related to thromboembolic diseases and bacterial infections.

Denecimig (Mim8) is a factor VIII-mimetic bispecific antibody with micromolar human binding affinity for Factor X and Factor IXa. Denecimig binds Factor X and Factor IXa, localizes both to the phospholipid surface, enhances the Factor IXa-mediated activation of Factor X to Factor Xa, and stimulates the proteolytic activity of Factor IXa via its monovalent anti-Factor IXa arm. Denecimig is applicable to research related to hemophilia A.

1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (1-P-GPA) is a phospholipid and lipid membrane precursor. 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate integrates into POPC liposomes, causing significant changes in membrane curvature. 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate induces platelet aggregation, but its activity is 30-fold lower than that of 1-hexadecyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphate.

Azapropazone is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Azapropazone inhibits Xanthine oxidase activity with an IC₅₀ of 70-140 μg/mL. Azapropazone exerts significant cardiomyocyte protective effects on dogs with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Azapropazone reduces arthritis. Azapropazone inhibits Adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation. Azapropazone can be used for the research of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, adjuvant arthritis, and gouty arthritis.

Ripertamab (SCT400) is a recombinant human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1κ monoclonal antibody. As an immunomodulator, ripertamab reduces the levels of pathogenic autoantibodies, alleviates immune complex deposition, and blocks the antigen-presenting function of cells. Ripertamab depletes CD20-positive cells. Ripertamab can induce infusion-related reactions, pulmonary toxicity, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Ripertamab is applicable to research related to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary membranous nephropathy and idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Salvianolic acid D is a depside. Salvianolic acid D can be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Salvianolic acid D promotes the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibits the expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and -9. Salvianolic acid D reduces the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Salvianolic acid D inhibits the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. Salvianolic acid D suppresses inflammatory responses and alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Salvianolic acid D serves as a potential antiplatelet active component.

Leyk is an orally active Cysteine derivative. Leyk stimulates bone marrow hematopoiesis. Leyk exerts a significant protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. Leyk can be used in studies related to thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.

Navitoclax dihydrochloride (ABT-263 dihydrochloride) is an orally active BH3 mimetic and an inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w, with a K_i value of <1 nM for each target. Navitoclax dihydrochloride triggers endogenous Apoptosis and downregulates the expression of Survivin and TGFβ2. Navitoclax dihydrochloride alleviates fibrosis and induces thrombocytopenia. Navitoclax dihydrochloride exhibits anticancer activity against a variety of tumors and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Navitoclax dihydrochloride can be used in the research of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ovarian cancer, and fibrotic diseases.