1. Apoptosis Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB
  2. Bcl-2 Family Caspase Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 NF-κB
  3. Salvianolic acid D

Salvianolic acid D is a depside. Salvianolic acid D can be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Salvianolic acid D promotes the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibits the expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and -9. Salvianolic acid D reduces the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Salvianolic acid D inhibits the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. Salvianolic acid D suppresses inflammatory responses and alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Salvianolic acid D serves as a potential antiplatelet active component.

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Salvianolic acid D

Salvianolic acid D Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 142998-47-8

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

Salvianolic acid D is a depside. Salvianolic acid D can be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Salvianolic acid D promotes the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibits the expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and -9. Salvianolic acid D reduces the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Salvianolic acid D inhibits the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. Salvianolic acid D suppresses inflammatory responses and alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Salvianolic acid D serves as a potential antiplatelet active component[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target[1]

Bcl-2

 

Bax

 

Caspase-9

 

Caspase-3

 

TLR4

 

In Vitro

Salvianolic acid D (0.2-5 μM; 24 h) increases OGD/R-injured PC12 cell viability, inhibits apoptosis, reduces inflammatory cytokine production, and blocks HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling when applied at 0.2, 1, or 5 μM for 24 hours post-OGD/R[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

ELISA Assay[1]

Cell Line: PC12
Concentration: 0.2-5 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by OGD/R injury.

Apoptosis Analysis[1]

Cell Line: PC12
Concentration: 0.2-5 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Concentration-dependently
decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3.
Restrained cleaved caspase-9 induction process effectively.
Downregulated the release of cytochrome c.
In Vivo

Salvianolic acid D (1-15 mg/kg; intravenous injection; twice) dose-dependently alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley (SD) (male, 250 g, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via MCAO/R model)[1]
Dosage: 1 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg; 15 mg/kg
Administration: i.v.; twice (at onset of reperfusion and 12 h postreperfusion)
Result: Significantly reduced neurological deficit scores compared to I/R rats (P < 0.05 for 15 mg/kg, P < 0.01 for 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg).
Significantly reduced infarct volume at 15 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg doses (P < 0.01 for both).
Dose-dependently reduced brain water content compared to I/R rats (P < 0.05 for 1 mg/kg, P < 0.01 for 3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg).
Significantly reduced Evans blue extravasation (P < 0.01 for all doses), indicating reduced blood-brain barrier permeability.
Significantly reduced TUNEL-positive cell percentage at 3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg doses (P < 0.01 for both).
Reduced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at all doses (P < 0.01 for all).
Reduced cleaved caspase-3 intensity at 1 mg/kg (P < 0.05), while 3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg reduced cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 intensity (P < 0.01 for all).
Reduced cytochrome c intensity at 3 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 15 mg/kg (P < 0.01).
Reduced brain tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 at all doses (P < 0.01 for most comparisons).
Dose-dependently reduced serum HMGB1 levels at all doses (P < 0.01 for all).
Reduced TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 protein intensity in cortex and hippocampus at all doses (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 vs.
I/R rats).
Reduced nuclear p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio in cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.01 for 3 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, P < 0.05 for 1 mg/kg in some regions).
Reduced cytoplasmic HMGB1 intensity and increased nuclear HMGB1 intensity in cortex and hippocampus at all doses (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 vs.
I/R rats).
Inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in cortex and hippocampus at 15 mg/kg dose.
Molecular Weight

418.35

Formula

C20H18O10

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

OC1=CC=C(/C=C/C(O[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2)=O)C(CC(O)=O)=C1O

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (119.52 mM)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.3903 mL 11.9517 mL 23.9034 mL
5 mM 0.4781 mL 2.3903 mL 4.7807 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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  • Dilution Calculator

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This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 2.3903 mL 11.9517 mL 23.9034 mL 59.7586 mL
5 mM 0.4781 mL 2.3903 mL 4.7807 mL 11.9517 mL
10 mM 0.2390 mL 1.1952 mL 2.3903 mL 5.9759 mL
15 mM 0.1594 mL 0.7968 mL 1.5936 mL 3.9839 mL
20 mM 0.1195 mL 0.5976 mL 1.1952 mL 2.9879 mL
25 mM 0.0956 mL 0.4781 mL 0.9561 mL 2.3903 mL
30 mM 0.0797 mL 0.3984 mL 0.7968 mL 1.9920 mL
40 mM 0.0598 mL 0.2988 mL 0.5976 mL 1.4940 mL
50 mM 0.0478 mL 0.2390 mL 0.4781 mL 1.1952 mL
60 mM 0.0398 mL 0.1992 mL 0.3984 mL 0.9960 mL
80 mM 0.0299 mL 0.1494 mL 0.2988 mL 0.7470 mL
100 mM 0.0239 mL 0.1195 mL 0.2390 mL 0.5976 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Salvianolic acid D
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