Multiple Myeloma

Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent oral active multikinase inhibitor. Sorafenib blocks autophosphorylation and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) and RAF family kinases, thereby suppressing the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, and selectively inhibiting the MAPK pathway in cancer cells. Sorafenib induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and PARP cleavage, reduces Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cyclin D1 levels, and activates Bak and Bax. Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse and rat models. Sorafenib can be used for cancer research, such as colon, breast, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is an orally active immunomodulatory agent that binds CRBN as a molecular glue to alter substrate specificity, inducing ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of IKZF1, IKZF3 and CK1α. Lenalidomide induces apoptosis by degrading IKZF1/3, and activates p53 by degrading CK1α. Lenalidomide promotes IL-2 release and effector functions of CD8⁺ T/NK cells, while inhibiting TNF-α secretion and M1-type pyroptosis. Lenalidomide can be used in research related to hematological malignancies, acute liver failure and acute kidney injury.

Tocilizumab (Anti-Human IL6R, Humanized Antibody) is an anti-human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) neutralizing antibody, prevents binding of IL-6 to the IL-6R, thereby inhibiting both classic and trans-signaling. Tocilizumab (Anti-Human IL6R, Humanized Antibody) can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Tocilizumab is remarkablely effective for the study of severe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease).

Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is orally active. Glycine inhibits the membrane aggregation of NINJ1 and prevents plasma membrane rupture during cell death. Glycine can be used to study cell protection, cancer, neurological diseases, and angiogenesis.

CC-885, a cereblon (CRBN) modulator, acts as a molecular glue degrader targeting GSPT1 with a K_d of 350 nM. CC-885 binds to CRBN to alter the substrate specificity of the CRL4 E3 ligase, promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of GSPT1, BNIP3L, PLK1, CDK4, IKZF1/3, GSPT2, WIZ, CHD7, GOLM1, CK1α and ETS1. CC-885 induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, transcriptional downregulation and antiproliferation in cancer cells. CC-885 is applicable to research related to relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia, MYC-driven tumors, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, VHL-deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Bosutinib is an orally active Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 1.2 nM and 1 nM, respectively.

Belantamab mafodotin (GSK2857916) is composed of humanized and focused monoclonal antibody against B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and McMMAF. The antibody portion is Belantamab (HY-P9980), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is McMMAF (HY-15578). Belantamab mafodotin has anti-myeloma activity.

Gintemetostat (KTX-1001) is an orally active, highly specific NSD2/MMSET histone methyltransferase inhibitor with human NSD2 IC₅₀ values ranging 0.460-2.17 nM and NSD2 SET domain IC₅₀ of 2.32 nM and K_d values ranging 6.3-70.4 nM.Gintemetostat reduces H₃K₃₆me₂ levels, impairs multiple myeloma cell adhesion and colony formation, enhances cytotoxicity, boosts T-cell activation, and sensitizes resistant multiple myeloma cells to other agents.Gintemetostat can be used for the research of multiple myeloma and relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

Nirogacestat (PF-3084014) is a reversible, orally bioavailable, noncompetitive, and selective γ-secretase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.2 nM. Inhibition of Notch signaling by Nirogacestat while minimizing gastrointestinal toxicity presents a promising approach for research of Notch receptor-dependent cancers.

Rituximab (anti-CD20) is an anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer.

Belantamab (GSK2857916) is a humanized IgG1 anti-BCMA/TNFRSF17 monoclonal antibody. Belantamab is linked to MMAF (HY-15579) through a non-cleavable ADC linker to synthesize the antibody-active molecule conjugate (ADC) Belantamab mafodotin (HY-P3239). After binding to BCMA on the surface of tumor cells, Belantamab mafodotin enters the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. After entering the cell, Belantamab mafodotin releases MMAF, blocks cell division by inhibiting tubulin polymerization, arrests the cell cycle and induces cell apoptosis. Belantamab can be used for the study of multiple myeloma, especially relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

AU-24118 is an orally active PROTAC degrader that recruits cereblon to target the degradation of SMARCA2, SMARCA4 and PBRM1. AU-24118 impairs the chromatin accessibility of oncogenic transcription factors, inhibits colony formation, dislodges chromatin-bound transcription factors, attenuates downstream signal transduction, induces apoptosis, and exerts antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects. AU-24118 can be used in research related to castration-resistant prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, small cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma (including the t (4;14) subtype).

Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (XMG1.2) is a kind of rat-derived IgG1 antibody inhibitor, targeting to IFN-γ. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (XMG1.2) can neutralize IFN-γ. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (XMG1.2) can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and immunology, such as multiple myeloma and chronic inflammation.

Sorafenib-d₃ (Donafenib) is the deuterated-labeled Sorafenib (HY-10201). Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent oral active multikinase inhibitor. Sorafenib blocks autophosphorylation and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) and RAF family kinases, thereby suppressing the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, and selectively inhibiting the MAPK pathway in cancer cells. Sorafenib induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and PARP cleavage, reduces Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cyclin D1 levels, and activates Bak and Bax. Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse and rat models. Sorafenib can be used for cancer research, such as colon, breast, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Tolinapant (ASTX660) is an orally active cIAP1/2 and XIAP antagonist, with an IC₅₀ of < 40 nM against XIAP and an IC₅₀ of <12 nM against cIAP1. Tolinapant triggers TNFα-dependent Apoptosis in cancer cells. Tolinapant inhibits tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Tolinapant can be used in research related to breast cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced solid tumors.

NP-OVAL (Ovalbumin) is a complex formed by 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP, a hapten) with Ovalbumin (OVAL, a carrier protein). NP-OVAL (Ovalbumin) can induce specific immune responses and NP-specific antibodies production. NP-OVAL (Ovalbumin) can accelerate the construction of multiple myeloma models.

FPFT-2216 is an orally active Molecular glue degrader targeting IKZF1, IKZF3, CK-1α, and PDE6D, with a DC₅₀ of 8 nM against PDE6D. FPFT-2216 mediates ubiquitin-proteasome degradation via the CRL4^CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and interacts with the non-isoprenoid-binding region of PDE6D. FPFT-2216 activates the p53 signaling pathway, inhibits the CBM complex/NF-κB pathway, upregulates IL-2, suppresses IL-1β and IL-6, and induces tumor cell Apoptosis. FPFT-2216 exhibits anticancer activity against multiple myeloma and lymphoma. FPFT-2216 can be used in research related to multiple myeloma, lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-cholinergic effect. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can across the ovine blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Lisaftoclax is an orally active, selective BCL-2 inhibitor with a K_i of < 0.1 nM against human BCL-2. Lisaftoclax selectively binds to BCL-2, disrupts the BCL-2:BIM complex, and antagonizes the antiapoptotic function of BCL-2. Lisaftoclax induces BAX/BAK-dependent, caspase-mediated apoptosis, upregulates the pro-death proteins BIM and Noxa, and downregulates mitochondrial respiratory function and ATP production. Lisaftoclax can be used in the research of hematological malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Daratumumab (PBS) (Anti-Human CD38) is the first-in-class human-specific anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (IgG1). Daratumumab (PBS) has anti-multiple myeloma (MM) effect. Daratumumab (PBS) impairs MM cell adhesion, which results in an increased sensitivity of MM to proteasome inhibition.