Ischemic Stroke

Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mito-TEMPO induces mitophagy by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, restores mitochondrial membrane potential, and improves renal function and podocyte injury. Mito-TEMPO regulates Ca²⁺ homeostasis, inhibits Bnip3 overexpression, shortens action potential duration, and exerts antiarrhythmic effects. Mito-TEMPO reverses premature senescence, reduces trabecular bone loss, and decreases cell apoptosis. Mito-TEMPO can be used in studies of chronic kidney disease, age-related cardiac dysfunction, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and ischemic stroke.

Ammonium iron(III) citrate (Ammonium ferric citrate), a physiological form of nonetransferrin-bound iron, induces intracellular iron overload to cause ferroptosis. Ammonium iron(III) citrate can enhance protein production.

Purmorphamine is a smoothened/Smo receptor agonist with an EC₅₀ of 1 μM.

Edaravone is a strong novel free radical scavenger, and inhibits MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator.

(R)-(-)-Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a selective α₁-adrenoceptor agonist with pK_is of 5.86, 4.87 and 4.70 for α_1D, α_1B and α_1A receptors respectively.

6-Mercaptopurine is a purine analogue which acts as an antagonist of the endogenous purines and has been widely used as antileukemic agent and immunosuppressive drug.

Cibinetide (ARA290) is a non-hematopoietic Erythropoietin analog. Cibinetide selectively activates the EPOR/CD131 heteromer IRR without activating EPOR homodimers, and exerts neuroprotective effects through β-common receptor signaling. Cibinetide inhibits Cathepsin K/OSCAR/OC-STAMP/DC-STAMP/NFATC1, increases OPG and Alkaline phosphatase, and decreases CD115. Cibinetide modulates SIRT1/NF-κB/IL-1β signaling, reduces inflammatory infiltration and periapical bone loss, protects pancreatic islets, reduces IBMIR-related platelet consumption, and prolongs graft function. Cibinetide extends healthspan and attenuates age-related cardiac and body weight decline. Cibinetide can be used in research on cerebral ischemic stroke, sarcoidosis-associated small fiber neuropathy, and type 1 diabetes.

TAT-CN21 is a potent CaMKII inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 77.2 nM. TAT-CN21 inhibits both calcium/calmodulin-dependent and autonomously activated CaMKII, blocks glutamate-induced translocation of CaMK IIα, and reverses the enhanced phosphorylation of CaMKII at Thr286 following excitotoxic injury. TAT-CN21 shows application potential in studies related to ischemic stroke by reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and exacerbating pre-existing long-term neuronal death prior to injury. TAT-CN21 improves definitive behaviors in rats with residual nerve injury without altering indicators such as mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia or spatial memory. TAT-CN21 can also be used in studies related to neuropathic pain.

Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021) monohydrochloride is a potent and selective GSK-3α/β inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 10 nM and 6.7 nM. Laduviglusib monohydrochloride shows >500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over CDC2, ERK2 and other protein kinases. Laduviglusib monohydrochloride is also a potent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator. Laduviglusib monohydrochloride enhances mouse and human embryonic stem cells self-renewal. Laduviglusib monohydrochloride induces autophagy.

Dehydroascorbic acid is an oxidized form of vitamin C that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Dehydroascorbic acid clears cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced after ischemic stroke by converting to ascorbic acid (AA), thereby reducing neuronal and glial cell damage and stabilizing cerebral microvascular NO signaling to maintain perfusion in the ischemic area. Dehydroascorbic acid can be used in research on ischemic stroke.

Dipyridamole is an orally active phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Dipyridamole also is an antiplatelet agent used in secondary prophylaxis against stroke. Dipyridamole can induce cancer cell-specific apoptosis.

Alteplase (Actilyse; Activase), a tissue plasminogen activator prepared by recombination, is a thrombolytic agent that play important roles in acute ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, and occluded catheters.
The product size below only indicate the effective content of Alteplase. The ratio of Alteplase effective content : total content = 1:46-1:50. The actual ratio depends on the batch.)

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a potent and selective TrkB agonist that mimics the physiological actions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Displays therapeutic efficacy toward various neurological diseases.

NU9056 is a potent and selective Tip60 (KAT5) histone acetyltransferase inhibitor with an of 2 µM. NU9056 shows >16-fold selectivity for Tip60 over PCAF, p300 and GCN5. NU9056 induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.

Probucol (DH-581) is an anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Probucol activates glutathione peroxidase. Probucol promotes low density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism, inhibits ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, and decreases HDL-C levels. Probucol also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Probucol can be used for researches on bone, cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, and metabolism-related diseases.

GW 1929 is an orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist with a pK_i of 8.84 for human PPAR-γ, and pEC₅₀s of 8.56 and 8.27 for human PPAR-γ and murine PPAR-γ, respectively. GW 1929 (hydrochloride) has antidiabetic efficacy and neuroprotective potential.

Butylphthalide (3-n-Butylphthalide) is an active molecule against cerebral ischemia. It was originally isolated from celery species and has been shown to be effective in stroke animal models.

BTB09089 is a T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8/GPR65) specific agonist. BTB09089 increases TDAG8 expression and regulates the cytokine production of T cells and macrophages.

Sesamin, abundant lignan found in sesame oil, is a potent and selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Sesamin exerts effective neuroprotection against cerbral ischemia.

ATN-161 is an antagonist of α5β1 integrin and αvβ3 integrin, as well as an inhibitor of fibrosis, an inhibitor of oxidative stress, a tight junction stabilizer, a mitochondrial integrity protector, an angiogenesis inhibitor and an antiviral agent. ATN-161 inhibits NLRP3, MAPK, and ROS. ATN-161 protects mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection. ATN-161 reduces infarct volume, alleviates edema, decreases immune cell infiltration, reduces the area of choroidal neovascularization lesions, lowers tumor microvessel density and viral load. ATN-161 can be used in research related to ischemic stroke, choroidal neovascularization, breast cancer, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.