Brain Hemorrhage

Tranexamic acid (cyclocapron), a cyclic analog of lysine, is an orally active antifibrinolytic agent. Tranexamic acid attenuates the effects of severe trauma, inhibits urokinase plasminogen activator and ameliorates dry wrinkles. Tranexamic acid can used for the research of hemostasis. Tranexamic acid is a PROTAC linker. Tranexamic acid is used to synthesize PROTACs (e.g. LZ-07 (HY-172590)).

Arundic Acid is an orally effective astrocyte function modulator and neuroprotective agent. Arundic Acid increases the expression and function of the astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT1 by activating the ERK, Akt and NF-κB pathways. Arundic Acid attenuates retinal ganglion cell death in a normal-tension glaucoma model. Arundic Acid exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Arundic Acid is a S100β protein synthesis inhibitor that prevents neurological deficits and brain tissue damage after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Arundic Acid downregulates neuroinflammation and astrocytic dysfunction after status epilepticus in immature rats. Arundic Acid is applicable to research related to Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, glaucoma, intracerebral hemorrhage and epilepsy.

VP3.15 dihydrobromide is a highly potent, orally bioavailable, and CNS-penetrant PDE7-GSK3 dual inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 1.59 μM and 0.88 μM against PDE7 and GSK3, respectively. VP3.15 dihydrobromide elevates intracellular cAMP levels, suppresses immune responses, enhances remyelination, limits excessive tau phosphorylation, and alleviates neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. VP3.15 dihydrobromide promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, improves in vivo remyelination, inhibits autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and mitigates germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage-related brain injury, cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and cognitive impairment. VP3.15 dihydrobromide can be used in research related to multiple sclerosis and germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage.

GPR17 agonist 2 (compound 10) is a human GPR17 agonist and selective P2Y receptor non-activator.GPR17 agonist 2 modulates intracellular cAMP levels through functional activation of its target receptor.GPR17 agonist 2 can be used for the research of multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury.

Glutathione monoethyl ester is a glutathione derivative that can be transported into cells and hydrolyzed into glutathione. Glutathione monoethyl ester downregulates the gene expression of TEN1 and CTC1 while upregulating TERT expression. Glutathione monoethyl ester enhances telomerase activity, promotes proliferation and differentiation in aged bone marrow stromal cells, while elevating glutathione levels and reducing oxidative stress, protein aggregation and cell death in motor neuronal cells. Glutathione monoethyl ester confers broad multi-organ protection against cerebral ischemia, renal injury, liver damage, and pancreatitis. Glutathione monoethyl ester can be used for the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, acute renal failure, liver injury, and acute pancreatitis.

CRX 527 is a TLR4 agonist. CRX 527 activates the MyD88-dependent, TRIF-dependent, and TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathways downstream of TLR4, mimics lipid A, and regulates antigen processing and presentation by dendritic cells. CRX 527 stimulates innate immune responses and enhances vaccine efficacy. CRX 527 maintains the structural integrity of hematopoietic tissues, spleen and intestine, alleviates radiation-induced damage, preserves intestinal homeostasis, and inhibits apoptosis, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and DNA damage. CRX 527 can be used in the research of acute radiation syndrome, melanoma, HPV-related tumors and intracerebral hemorrhage.