Insecticide

(R)-(+)-Citronellal ((+)-Citronellal) is a monoterpenoid compound and is one of the main components of essential oils from plants such as lemon grass. (R)-(+)-Citronellal has antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities. (R)-(+)-Citronellal alleviates the bitterness of caffeine by antagonizing the bitter taste receptors Tas2r43 (IC₅₀ = 84 μM) and Tas2R46. (R)-(+)-Citronellal generates analgesic activity by activating the opioid receptor (broad-spectrum opioid receptor) pathway, and its effect is particularly significant for inflammatory pain.

Flubendiamide (NNI-0001) is an orally active phthalic diamide insecticide that acts by targeting insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), causing insect muscle dysfunction, paralysis and death. Flubendiamide disrupts molting, metamorphosis and reproductive processes, induces oxidative stress by increasing the levels of ROS/RNS, MDA and 8OHdG and decreasing the levels of SOD, CAT and GST, activates the CncC/Maf apoptosis pathway, impairs calcium homeostasis, promotes adipogenesis, increases triglyceride accumulation, and upregulates the expression of regulatory factors for adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.

γ-Hexalactone (γ-Caprolactone) is a gamma-lactone found in ripe fruits. γ-Hexalactone induces DNA damage in human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells, modulates cytokine secretion in human lymphocytes, and reduces recombinant PON1 activity. γ-Hexalactone serves as a dose-dependent oviposition inhibitor against Bactrocera oleae. γ-Hexalactone can be used for the research of Bactrocera oleae pest management.

2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride is biofumigant found in Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta (L.) Schott. 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride is highly toxic to insect pests for stored grains even at very low concentration, but has no adverse effect on seed germination. 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride can be used as insecticide.

Milbemycin A3 is a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone compound found in the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. Milbemycin A3 enhances the opening of glutamate- and GABA-gated chloride channels and exhibits insecticidal activity. Milbemycin A3 can be used in insect resistance-related research.

Prenyl acetate is an insecticide. At low concentrations, prenyl acetate exhibits an attractant effect on worker ants of the red imported fire ant, and it elicits strong antennal electroantennogram (EAG) responses in all castes of the red imported fire ant. Prenyl acetate shows low toxicity to mammals. It can be used in research related to the control of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) .

(E)-4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde acts as an oviposition deterrent against Delia antiqua, with a BR₉₀ (concentration eliciting 90% deterrency) of 0.38% when formulated in Polyethylene glycol (HY-Y0873A). (E)-4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde is used to study oviposition behavior in Delia antiqua.

Cryptopine is a non-narcotic isoquinoline alkaloid. Cryptopine can reduce the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), depletes intracellular glutathione levels, stimulates lipid peroxidation, and induces cytotoxicity by disrupting the cellular defense system. Cryptopine binds stably to key targets of liver cancer and also exhibits anthelmintic activity against Dactylogyrus intermedius. Cryptopine can be used in studies related to liver cancer and Dactylogyrus intermedius infection.

Gluconasturtiin potassium is an orally active glucosinolate found in the roots of Brassica juncea and Brassica hirta. Gluconasturtiin potassium acts as a feeding activator for P. maculipennis larvae at low concentrations, while it exhibits toxicity to the larvae at high concentrations.

GABA receptor antagonist 3 is a GABA receptor antagonist with insecticidal activity. GABA receptor antagonist 3 binds deeply inside the receptor pore, forms stable interactions with key residues to disrupt channel gating, and inhibits GABA-induced currents. GABA receptor antagonist 3 exhibits insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. GABA receptor antagonist 3 can be used in pest control research.

Destruxin D2 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide secondary metabolite and insecticide-phytotoxin produced by Metarhizium species fungus. Destruxin D2 can be found in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii (isolate MT008).

Indazapyroxamet is an orally active insect TRPV channel (Nan/Iav subunit) modulator and insecticide. Indazapyroxamet antagonizes nicotinamide-induced calcium influx, inhibits insect motor function, and impairs negative geotaxis in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster via functional TRPV channels.

Anti-infective agent 13 is a naphthoquinone-based insecticide/acaricide. Anti-infective agent 13 exhibits insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly) and Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite). Anti-infective agent 13 can be used in research related to insect and mite control.

Ascr#10 (Asc-C9) is an orally active thermogenesis inducer and insecticide that can be obtained from Monochamus alternatus. Ascr#10 binds to the insect adipokinetic hormone (AKH) receptor (K_a=272 µM) and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via the PGC1α-UCP4 axis. Consequently, Ascr#10 induces UCP4-mediated uncoupled respiration, reduces the ATP/ADP ratio and accelerates lipid mobilization, thereby driving the thermogenesis process. Ascr#10 delays pupation and exerts specific chemotaxis toward dispersive fourth-stage pinewood nematode LIV larvae. Ascr#10 promotes cold acclimation of Monochamus alternatus larvae through metabolic inhibition and cryoprotectant accumulation, enhancing their survival rate under cold stress. Ascr#10 also induces browning of white adipose tissue and activates brown adipose tissue in mice, thereby helping the body resist cold and tumor growth. Ascr#10 can be widely applied to research related to pine wilt disease, lung tumors and cold stress.

Ajugalactone is a phytoecdysteroid found in plants of the Ajuga genus. Ajugalactone shows both ecdysone (HY-N0179) agonist activity and anti‑ponasterone A (HY-N1534) antagonist activity. Ajugalactone significantly disrupts insect molting and developmental processes. Ajugalactone acts as an insect growth regulator that interferes with insect molting. Ajugalactone induces complete mortality in first‑instar larvae of the greenhouse whitefly. Ajugalactone can be used for research on insect‑plant interactions and insect growth regulation.

(Z)-γ-Bisabolene is a monocyclic bisabolane-type sesquiterpene hydrocarbon found in the essential oil of Galinsoga parviflora, acting as a mosquito larvicide and oviposition deterrent. (Z)-γ-Bisabolene induces acute toxicity in larvae of six mosquito species. (Z)-γ-Bisabolene deters oviposition in gravid females of six mosquito species. (Z)-γ-Bisabolene can be used for the research of malaria, dengue, japanese encephalitis, zika virus.

Insecticidal agent 31 is an insecticide targeting the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR). Insecticidal agent 31 exhibits insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua. Insecticidal agent 31 can serve as a lead compound for the design and synthesis of novel isoxazole-based insecticides.

7-Oxogedunin (Compound 7DG; Compound 16) is a small molecule that protects macrophages from cell pyroptosis induced by anthrax lethal toxin (LT). Its target is protein kinase R (PKR). 7-Oxogedunin can widely inhibit the assembly of various inflammasomes (NLRP1 and NLRP3) and the activation of caspase-1 by inhibiting the kinase-independent function of PKR. 7-Oxogedunin has growth inhibitory activity on European corn borer larvae. 7-Oxogedunin can be used for LT toxicity inhibition and pest control research.

Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. Tefluthrin prolongs the opening time of Nav1.6 sodium channels, leading to membrane depolarization and conductance block in the insect nervous system, thereby disrupting neural function.

PROTAC ACC degrader-1 is an Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase PROTAC degrader with insecticidal activity, which induces ACC protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. PROTAC ACC degrader-1 exhibits significant dose-dependent insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora nymphs. PROTAC ACC degrader-1 can be used in studies related to Aphis craccivora infestation.